{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/hek-vi-on-the-dearth-of-galilean-analogs-in","title":"HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I","arxiv_id":"1707.08563","date":"2017-07-26","proceeding":null,"authors":["Alex Teachey","David M. Kipping","Allan R. Schmitt"],"abstract":"Exomoons represent an outstanding challenge in modern astronomy, with the potential to provide rich insights into planet formation theory and habitability. In this work, we stack the phase-folded transits of 284 viable moon hosting Kepler planetary candidates, in order to search for satellites. These planets range from Earth-to-Jupiter sized and from ${\\sim}$0.1-to-1.0 AU in separation - so-called \"warm\" planets. Our data processing includes two-pass harmonic detrending, transit timing variations, model selection and careful data quality vetting to produce a grand light curve with an r.m.s. of 5.1 ppm. We find that the occurrence rate of Galilean-analog moon systems for planets orbiting between ${\\sim}$0.1 and 1.0 AU can be constrained to be $\\eta<0.38$ to 95% confidence for the 284 KOIs considered, with a 68.3% confidence interval of $\\eta=0.16_{-0.10}^{+0.13}$. A single-moon model of variable size and separation locates a slight preference for a population of short-period moons with radii ${\\sim}0.5$ $R_{\\oplus}$ orbiting at 5-10 planetary radii. However, we stress that the low Bayes factor of just 2 in this region means it should be treated as no more than a hint at this time. Splitting our data into various physically-motivated subsets reveals no strong signal. The dearth of Galilean-analogs around warm planets places the first strong constraint on exomoon formation models to date. Finally, we report evidence for an exomoon candidate Kepler-1625b I, which we briefly describe ahead of scheduled observations of the target with the Hubble Space Telescope.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08563v2","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.08563v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"hek-vi-on-the-dearth-of-galilean-analogs-in","repo_url":"https://github.com/alexteachey/TTV_posteriors","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}