{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/graphnas-graph-neural-architecture-search","title":"GraphNAS: Graph Neural Architecture Search with Reinforcement Learning","arxiv_id":"1904.09981","date":"2019-04-22","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yang Gao","Hong Yang","Peng Zhang","Chuan Zhou","Yue Hu"],"abstract":"Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been popularly used for analyzing non-Euclidean data such as social network data and biological data. Despite their success, the design of graph neural networks requires a lot of manual work and domain knowledge. In this paper, we propose a Graph Neural Architecture Search method (GraphNAS for short) that enables automatic search of the best graph neural architecture based on reinforcement learning. Specifically, GraphNAS first uses a recurrent network to generate variable-length strings that describe the architectures of graph neural networks, and then trains the recurrent network with reinforcement learning to maximize the expected accuracy of the generated architectures on a validation data set. Extensive experimental results on node classification tasks in both transductive and inductive learning settings demonstrate that GraphNAS can achieve consistently better performance on the Cora, Citeseer, Pubmed citation network, and protein-protein interaction network. On node classification tasks, GraphNAS can design a novel network architecture that rivals the best human-invented architecture in terms of test set accuracy.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09981v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.09981v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"graphnas-graph-neural-architecture-search","repo_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"classification","task_name":"General Classification"},{"task_slug":"inductive-learning","task_name":"Inductive Learning"},{"task_slug":"architecture-search","task_name":"Neural Architecture Search"},{"task_slug":"node-classification","task_name":"Node Classification"},{"task_slug":"reinforcement-learning","task_name":"Reinforcement Learning"},{"task_slug":"reinforcement-learning-1","task_name":"Reinforcement Learning (RL)"},{"task_slug":"reinforcement-learning-2","task_name":"reinforcement-learning"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"lstm","method_name":"LSTM"},{"method_slug":"sigmoid-activation","method_name":"Sigmoid Activation"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"tanh-activation","method_name":"Tanh Activation"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/node-classification-on-citeseer","task":"Node Classification","dataset":"Citeseer","model":"GraphNAS","rank_in_archive_order":36,"of":71,"metrics":{"Accuracy":"73.1 ± 0.9%"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/node-classification-on-cora","task":"Node Classification","dataset":"Cora","model":"GraphNAS","rank_in_archive_order":32,"of":73,"metrics":{"Accuracy":"84.2% ± 1.0%"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/node-classification-on-ppi","task":"Node Classification","dataset":"PPI","model":"GraphNAS","rank_in_archive_order":13,"of":24,"metrics":{"F1":"98.6 ± 0.1"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/node-classification-on-pubmed","task":"Node Classification","dataset":"Pubmed","model":"GraphNAS","rank_in_archive_order":41,"of":70,"metrics":{"Accuracy":"79.6 ± 0.4%"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1904.09981","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1904.09981"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"summary":{"unverified":8},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":8,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"5bcfe3f645127aa3","entry":"act_map","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/search_space.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/search_space.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5bcfe3f645127aa3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"217cd43d66baee23","entry":"calc_f1","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/utils/model_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/utils/model_utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"217cd43d66baee23"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"35a7fa611d2a624f","entry":"discount","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/trainer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/trainer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"35a7fa611d2a624f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"20568d7a0cb74f25","entry":"evaluate","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/gnn_model_manager.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/gnn_model_manager.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"20568d7a0cb74f25"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"79a91165eceb9b79","entry":"gat_message","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/gnn.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/gnn.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"79a91165eceb9b79"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"244052d2ff0ad026","entry":"load_data","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas_variants/micro_graphnas/micro_model_manager.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas_variants/micro_graphnas/micro_model_manager.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"244052d2ff0ad026"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"85f398d50a188593","entry":"process_action","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/utils/model_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/utils/model_utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"85f398d50a188593"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"af2ac57cf32c5b7f","entry":"scale","repo":"GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphnas/trainer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GraphNAS/GraphNAS-simple/blob/HEAD/graphnas/trainer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"af2ac57cf32c5b7f"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}