{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/graph-positional-and-structural-encoder","title":"Graph Positional and Structural Encoder","arxiv_id":"2307.07107","date":"2023-07-14","proceeding":null,"authors":["Semih Cantürk","Renming Liu","Olivier Lapointe-Gagné","Vincent Létourneau","Guy Wolf","Dominique Beaini","Ladislav Rampášek"],"abstract":"Positional and structural encodings (PSE) enable better identifiability of nodes within a graph, rendering them essential tools for empowering modern GNNs, and in particular graph Transformers. However, designing PSEs that work optimally for all graph prediction tasks is a challenging and unsolved problem. Here, we present the Graph Positional and Structural Encoder (GPSE), the first-ever graph encoder designed to capture rich PSE representations for augmenting any GNN. GPSE learns an efficient common latent representation for multiple PSEs, and is highly transferable: The encoder trained on a particular graph dataset can be used effectively on datasets drawn from markedly different distributions and modalities. We show that across a wide range of benchmarks, GPSE-enhanced models can significantly outperform those that employ explicitly computed PSEs, and at least match their performance in others. Our results pave the way for the development of foundational pre-trained graph encoders for extracting positional and structural information, and highlight their potential as a more powerful and efficient alternative to explicitly computed PSEs and existing self-supervised pre-training approaches. Our framework and pre-trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/G-Taxonomy-Workgroup/GPSE. For convenience, GPSE has also been integrated into the PyG library to facilitate downstream applications.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.07107v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.07107v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"graph-positional-and-structural-encoder","repo_url":"https://github.com/g-taxonomy-workgroup/gpse","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[{"method_slug":null,"method_name":"Library"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2307.07107","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.07107"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/g-taxonomy-workgroup/gpse","reach":null}],"summary":{"unverified":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"ad61f6978c6d6224","entry":"CombinedPSENodeEncoder","repo":"g-taxonomy-workgroup/gpse","repo_kind":"official","path":"graphgym/encoder/combined_encoder.py","file_url":"https://github.com/g-taxonomy-workgroup/gpse/blob/HEAD/graphgym/encoder/combined_encoder.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ad61f6978c6d6224"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}