{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/granite-a-graph-neural-network-model-for","title":"GRANITE: A Graph Neural Network Model for Basic Block Throughput Estimation","arxiv_id":"2210.03894","date":"2022-10-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["Ondrej Sykora","Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimthana","Charith Mendis","Amir Yazdanbakhsh"],"abstract":"Analytical hardware performance models yield swift estimation of desired hardware performance metrics. However, developing these analytical models for modern processors with sophisticated microarchitectures is an extremely laborious task and requires a firm understanding of target microarchitecture's internal structure. In this paper, we introduce GRANITE, a new machine learning model that estimates the throughput of basic blocks across different microarchitectures. GRANITE uses a graph representation of basic blocks that captures both structural and data dependencies between instructions. This representation is processed using a graph neural network that takes advantage of the relational information captured in the graph and learns a rich neural representation of the basic block that allows more precise throughput estimation. Our results establish a new state-of-the-art for basic block performance estimation with an average test error of 6.9% across a wide range of basic blocks and microarchitectures for the x86-64 target. Compared to recent work, this reduced the error by 1.7% while improving training and inference throughput by approximately 3.0x. In addition, we propose the use of multi-task learning with independent multi-layer feed forward decoder networks. Our results show that this technique further improves precision of all learned models while significantly reducing per-microarchitecture training costs. We perform an extensive set of ablation studies and comparisons with prior work, concluding a set of methods to achieve high accuracy for basic block performance estimation.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03894v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.03894v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"granite-a-graph-neural-network-model-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/google/gematria","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"decoder","task_name":"Decoder"},{"task_slug":"graph-neural-network","task_name":"Graph Neural Network"},{"task_slug":"multi-task-learning","task_name":"Multi-Task Learning"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"graph-neural-network","method_name":"Graph Neural Network"},{"method_slug":"test","method_name":"Test"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2210.03894","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}