{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/global-features-are-all-you-need-for-image","title":"Global Features are All You Need for Image Retrieval and Reranking","arxiv_id":"2308.06954","date":"2023-08-14","proceeding":"ICCV 2023 1","authors":["Shihao Shao","KaiFeng Chen","Arjun Karpur","Qinghua Cui","Andre Araujo","Bingyi Cao"],"abstract":"Image retrieval systems conventionally use a two-stage paradigm, leveraging global features for initial retrieval and local features for reranking. However, the scalability of this method is often limited due to the significant storage and computation cost incurred by local feature matching in the reranking stage. In this paper, we present SuperGlobal, a novel approach that exclusively employs global features for both stages, improving efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. SuperGlobal introduces key enhancements to the retrieval system, specifically focusing on the global feature extraction and reranking processes. For extraction, we identify sub-optimal performance when the widely-used ArcFace loss and Generalized Mean (GeM) pooling methods are combined and propose several new modules to improve GeM pooling. In the reranking stage, we introduce a novel method to update the global features of the query and top-ranked images by only considering feature refinement with a small set of images, thus being very compute and memory efficient. Our experiments demonstrate substantial improvements compared to the state of the art in standard benchmarks. Notably, on the Revisited Oxford+1M Hard dataset, our single-stage results improve by 7.1%, while our two-stage gain reaches 3.7% with a strong 64,865x speedup. Our two-stage system surpasses the current single-stage state-of-the-art by 16.3%, offering a scalable, accurate alternative for high-performing image retrieval systems with minimal time overhead. Code: https://github.com/ShihaoShao-GH/SuperGlobal.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.06954v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.06954v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"global-features-are-all-you-need-for-image","repo_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"global-features-are-all-you-need-for-image","repo_url":"https://github.com/edwardguil/CVNet","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"all","task_name":"All"},{"task_slug":"image-retrieval","task_name":"Image Retrieval"},{"task_slug":"reranking","task_name":"Reranking"},{"task_slug":"retrieval","task_name":"Retrieval"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"arcface","method_name":"ArcFace"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/image-retrieval-on-roxford-hard","task":"Image Retrieval","dataset":"ROxford (Hard)","model":"SuperGlobal","rank_in_archive_order":1,"of":23,"metrics":{"mAP":"80.2"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/image-retrieval-on-rparis-hard","task":"Image Retrieval","dataset":"RParis (Hard)","model":"SuperGlobal","rank_in_archive_order":2,"of":23,"metrics":{"mAP":"86.7"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2308.06954","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2308.06954","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.06954"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/edwardguil/CVNet","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":12,"ran_draft_wrong":2,"unverified":4},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":18,"ran":14,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"5fbea145e2e1ef9a","entry":"BasicTransform","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5fbea145e2e1ef9a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"bc2d89d946121f78","entry":"BottleneckTransform","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"bc2d89d946121f78"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9119b8d4c98f5ced","entry":"GeneralizedMeanPooling","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9119b8d4c98f5ced"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ae68dadce75b3fe4","entry":"GeneralizedMeanPoolingP","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ae68dadce75b3fe4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1a832022e62d5c07","entry":"GlobalHead","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1a832022e62d5c07"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8aba530c55c5eb3a","entry":"ResBlock","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8aba530c55c5eb3a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c2d48a0c32a3d652","entry":"ResStage","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c2d48a0c32a3d652"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b7468ec69b24b267","entry":"ResStemIN","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b7468ec69b24b267"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"03fb3b12debca8c5","entry":"extract_feat_res_pycls","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"03fb3b12debca8c5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"af08767ec93f2b28","entry":"gemp","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"af08767ec93f2b28"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"00a9dda76ea3fd57","entry":"get_trans_fun","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"00a9dda76ea3fd57"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2031bc64eb8b91b6","entry":"relup","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2031bc64eb8b91b6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"cd3b5d6af1e69d75","entry":"rgem","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"cd3b5d6af1e69d75"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"292667a5366078d8","entry":"sgem","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"292667a5366078d8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8bd337cafee60b1d","entry":"CVLearner","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8bd337cafee60b1d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"920c4a63177050ae","entry":"CVNet_Rerank","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"920c4a63177050ae"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6348d625e9ec5a11","entry":"Correlation","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6348d625e9ec5a11"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8561c39b1b352e43","entry":"ResNet","repo":"shihaoshao-gh/superglobal","repo_kind":"official","path":"model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/shihaoshao-gh/superglobal/blob/HEAD/model/CVNet_Rerank_model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8561c39b1b352e43"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}