{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/gender-identity-and-lexical-variation-in","title":"Gender identity and lexical variation in social media","arxiv_id":"1210.4567","date":"2012-10-16","proceeding":null,"authors":["David Bamman","Jacob Eisenstein","Tyler Schnoebelen"],"abstract":"We present a study of the relationship between gender, linguistic style, and\nsocial networks, using a novel corpus of 14,000 Twitter users. Prior\nquantitative work on gender often treats this social variable as a female/male\nbinary; we argue for a more nuanced approach. By clustering Twitter users, we\nfind a natural decomposition of the dataset into various styles and topical\ninterests. Many clusters have strong gender orientations, but their use of\nlinguistic resources sometimes directly conflicts with the population-level\nlanguage statistics. We view these clusters as a more accurate reflection of\nthe multifaceted nature of gendered language styles. Previous corpus-based work\nhas also had little to say about individuals whose linguistic styles defy\npopulation-level gender patterns. To identify such individuals, we train a\nstatistical classifier, and measure the classifier confidence for each\nindividual in the dataset. Examining individuals whose language does not match\nthe classifier's model for their gender, we find that they have social networks\nthat include significantly fewer same-gender social connections and that, in\ngeneral, social network homophily is correlated with the use of same-gender\nlanguage markers. Pairing computational methods and social theory thus offers a\nnew perspective on how gender emerges as individuals position themselves\nrelative to audiences, topics, and mainstream gender norms.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.4567v2","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.4567v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"gender-identity-and-lexical-variation-in","repo_url":"https://github.com/jacobeisenstein/jos-gender-2014","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"clustering","task_name":"Clustering"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1210.4567","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}