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First, we conduct several intrinsic\nanalyses and find that (1) training data for ELMo contains significantly more\nmale than female entities, (2) the trained ELMo embeddings systematically\nencode gender information and (3) ELMo unequally encodes gender information\nabout male and female entities. Then, we show that a state-of-the-art\ncoreference system that depends on ELMo inherits its bias and demonstrates\nsignificant bias on the WinoBias probing corpus. Finally, we explore two\nmethods to mitigate such gender bias and show that the bias demonstrated on\nWinoBias can be eliminated.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03310v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03310v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"gender-bias-in-contextualized-word-embeddings","repo_url":"https://github.com/12kleingordon34/NLP_masters_project","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"unanswered"}},{"paper_slug":"gender-bias-in-contextualized-word-embeddings","repo_url":"https://github.com/dadebias/genda-lens","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"word-embeddings","task_name":"Word Embeddings"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"bilstm","method_name":"BiLSTM"},{"method_slug":"elmo","method_name":"ELMo"},{"method_slug":"lstm","method_name":"LSTM"},{"method_slug":"sigmoid-activation","method_name":"Sigmoid Activation"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"tanh-activation","method_name":"Tanh Activation"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/1904.03310","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1904.03310","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1904.03310"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. 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