{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/frustratingly-easy-edit-based-linguistic","title":"Frustratingly Easy Edit-based Linguistic Steganography with a Masked Language Model","arxiv_id":"2104.09833","date":"2021-04-20","proceeding":"NAACL 2021 4","authors":["Honai Ueoka","Yugo Murawaki","Sadao Kurohashi"],"abstract":"With advances in neural language models, the focus of linguistic steganography has shifted from edit-based approaches to generation-based ones. While the latter's payload capacity is impressive, generating genuine-looking texts remains challenging. In this paper, we revisit edit-based linguistic steganography, with the idea that a masked language model offers an off-the-shelf solution. The proposed method eliminates painstaking rule construction and has a high payload capacity for an edit-based model. It is also shown to be more secure against automatic detection than a generation-based method while offering better control of the security/payload capacity trade-off.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09833v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09833v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"frustratingly-easy-edit-based-linguistic","repo_url":"https://github.com/ku-nlp/steganography-with-masked-lm","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"language-modeling","task_name":"Language Modeling"},{"task_slug":"language-modelling","task_name":"Language Modelling"},{"task_slug":"linguistic-steganography","task_name":"Linguistic steganography"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2104.09833","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.09833"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/ku-nlp/steganography-with-masked-lm","reach":null},{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/kunlp/steganography-with-masked-lm","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-17","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}}],"summary":{"unverified":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"b59c008faa532815","entry":"MaskedStego","repo":"ku-nlp/steganography-with-masked-lm","repo_kind":"official","path":"masked_stego/masked_stego.py","file_url":"https://github.com/ku-nlp/steganography-with-masked-lm/blob/HEAD/masked_stego/masked_stego.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b59c008faa532815"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}