{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/from-trade-off-to-synergy-a-versatile","title":"From Trade-off to Synergy: A Versatile Symbiotic Watermarking Framework for Large Language Models","arxiv_id":"2505.09924","date":"2025-05-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yidan Wang","Yubing Ren","Yanan Cao","Binxing Fang"],"abstract":"The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text, making watermarking a promising solution. Mainstream watermarking schemes for LLMs fall into two categories: logits-based and sampling-based. However, current schemes entail trade-offs among robustness, text quality, and security. To mitigate this, we integrate logits-based and sampling-based schemes, harnessing their respective strengths to achieve synergy. In this paper, we propose a versatile symbiotic watermarking framework with three strategies: serial, parallel, and hybrid. The hybrid framework adaptively embeds watermarks using token entropy and semantic entropy, optimizing the balance between detectability, robustness, text quality, and security. Furthermore, we validate our approach through comprehensive experiments on various datasets and models. Experimental results indicate that our method outperforms existing baselines and achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. We believe this framework provides novel insights into diverse watermarking paradigms. Our code is available at https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09924v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.09924v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"from-trade-off-to-synergy-a-versatile","repo_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/symmark","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2505.09924","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2505.09924","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.09924"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":7,"ran_draft_wrong":1,"unverified":3},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":11,"ran":8,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":11,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"3c3168ea3c8ca884","entry":"AlgorithmNameMismatchError","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3c3168ea3c8ca884"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"4cab22d77de7f827","entry":"BaseWatermark","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"4cab22d77de7f827"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ab61c9a63b8af054","entry":"ComputeEntropy","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ab61c9a63b8af054"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"14b01e46f6b5227d","entry":"DataForVisualization","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"14b01e46f6b5227d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"122ca35dd2b201dd","entry":"KgwExpConfig","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"122ca35dd2b201dd"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3d9f0fc848ddabc3","entry":"LengthMismatchError","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3d9f0fc848ddabc3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"e9663dc9ea5f33df","entry":"TransformersConfig","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"e9663dc9ea5f33df"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0d816de51e8bf895","entry":"load_config_file","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0d816de51e8bf895"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"654ebf252c19fdef","entry":"KGWLogitsProcessor","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"654ebf252c19fdef"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"e5055bd0b13b18d4","entry":"KgwExp","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"e5055bd0b13b18d4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8f61fcca234aed38","entry":"KgwExpUtils","repo":"redwyd/SymMark","repo_kind":"official","path":"watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","file_url":"https://github.com/redwyd/SymMark/blob/HEAD/watermark/kgw_exp/kgw_exp.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8f61fcca234aed38"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}