{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/folding-free-zne-a-comprehensive-quantum-zero","title":"Folding-Free ZNE: A Comprehensive Quantum Zero-Noise Extrapolation Approach for Mitigating Depolarizing and Decoherence Noise","arxiv_id":"2305.00622","date":"2023-05-01","proceeding":null,"authors":["Hrushikesh Patil","Peiyi Li","Ji Liu","Huiyang Zhou"],"abstract":"Quantum computers in the NISQ era are prone to noise. A range of quantum error mitigation techniques has been proposed to address this issue. Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) stands out as a promising one. ZNE involves increasing the noise levels in a circuit and then using extrapolation to infer the zero noise case from the noisy results obtained. This paper presents a novel ZNE approach that does not require circuit folding or noise scaling to mitigate depolarizing and/or decoherence noise. To mitigate depolarizing noise, we propose leveraging the extreme/infinite noisy case, which allows us to avoid circuit folding. Specifically, the circuit output with extreme noise becomes the maximally mixed state. We show that using circuit-reliability metrics, simple linear extrapolation can effectively mitigate depolarizing noise. With decoherence noise, different states decay into the all-zero state at a rate that depends on the number of excited states and time. Therefore, we propose a state- and latency-aware exponential extrapolation that does not involve folding or scaling. When dealing with a quantum system affected by both decoherence and depolarizing noise, we propose to use our two mitigation techniques in sequence: first applying decoherence error mitigation, followed by depolarizing error mitigation. A common limitation of ZNE schemes is that if the circuit of interest suffers from high noise, scaling-up noise levels could not provide useful data for extrapolation. We propose using circuit-cut techniques to break a large quantum circuit into smaller sub-circuits to overcome this limitation. This way, the noise levels of the sub-circuits are lower than the original circuit, and ZNE can become more effective in mitigating their noises.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00622v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00622v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"folding-free-zne-a-comprehensive-quantum-zero","repo_url":"https://github.com/hrushikesh890/FoldFreeZNE","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}