{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/fisher-efficient-inference-of-intractable","title":"Fisher Efficient Inference of Intractable Models","arxiv_id":"1805.07454","date":"2018-05-18","proceeding":"NeurIPS 2019 12","authors":["Song Liu","Takafumi Kanamori","Wittawat Jitkrittum","Yu Chen"],"abstract":"Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLE) has many good properties. For example, the asymptotic variance of MLE solution attains equality of the asymptotic Cram{\\'e}r-Rao lower bound (efficiency bound), which is the minimum possible variance for an unbiased estimator. However, obtaining such MLE solution requires calculating the likelihood function which may not be tractable due to the normalization term of the density model. In this paper, we derive a Discriminative Likelihood Estimator (DLE) from the Kullback-Leibler divergence minimization criterion implemented via density ratio estimation and a Stein operator. We study the problem of model inference using DLE. We prove its consistency and show that the asymptotic variance of its solution can attain the equality of the efficiency bound under mild regularity conditions. We also propose a dual formulation of DLE which can be easily optimized. Numerical studies validate our asymptotic theorems and we give an example where DLE successfully estimates an intractable model constructed using a pre-trained deep neural network.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.07454v5","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.07454v5.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"fisher-efficient-inference-of-intractable","repo_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"density-ratio-estimation","task_name":"Density Ratio Estimation"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/1805.07454","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1805.07454","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1805.07454"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"unverified":14},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":14,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"24e56ab709d1a455","entry":"NCE","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"script/Inference/others/demo_NCE.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/script/Inference/others/demo_NCE.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"24e56ab709d1a455"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"571d879dad9ec295","entry":"dual","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/estimators.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/estimators.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"571d879dad9ec295"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ebcb9454ea6b1af8","entry":"infer","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"script/Inference/others/demo_NCE.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/script/Inference/others/demo_NCE.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ebcb9454ea6b1af8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d2b70f16fe6e5105","entry":"init_random_params","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/trainnn.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/trainnn.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d2b70f16fe6e5105"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"07679b8d805a02af","entry":"kernel_gauss","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/helper.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/helper.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"07679b8d805a02af"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a3a9bcea4fbca003","entry":"kernel_poly","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/helper.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/helper.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a3a9bcea4fbca003"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0e6c455328751960","entry":"lastlayer","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/trainnn.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/trainnn.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0e6c455328751960"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"23a06012e79dd686","entry":"logpBar","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"deprecated/demoDual.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/deprecated/demoDual.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"23a06012e79dd686"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c610ea36ee7e5fb3","entry":"logpBar","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"deprecated/demoPrimal.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/deprecated/demoPrimal.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c610ea36ee7e5fb3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"96cfb3924a5f13a8","entry":"make_pinwheel","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/data.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/data.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"96cfb3924a5f13a8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"dca5c8ee2ef9364c","entry":"neural_net_predict","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/trainnn.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/trainnn.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"dca5c8ee2ef9364c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b5c03f6bf123cdfe","entry":"plot_images","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/data.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/data.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b5c03f6bf123cdfe"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"73d498b16f7d4b13","entry":"primal","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/estimators.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/estimators.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"73d498b16f7d4b13"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"467bd3a898ce5975","entry":"traceHessF","repo":"anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation","repo_kind":"official","path":"sdre/helper.py","file_url":"https://github.com/anewgithubname/Stein-Density-Ratio-Estimation/blob/HEAD/sdre/helper.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"467bd3a898ce5975"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}