{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/fast-detectgpt-efficient-zero-shot-detection","title":"Fast-DetectGPT: Efficient Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text via Conditional Probability Curvature","arxiv_id":"2310.05130","date":"2023-10-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["Guangsheng Bao","Yanbin Zhao","Zhiyang Teng","Linyi Yang","Yue Zhang"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have shown the ability to produce fluent and cogent content, presenting both productivity opportunities and societal risks. To build trustworthy AI systems, it is imperative to distinguish between machine-generated and human-authored content. The leading zero-shot detector, DetectGPT, showcases commendable performance but is marred by its intensive computational costs. In this paper, we introduce the concept of conditional probability curvature to elucidate discrepancies in word choices between LLMs and humans within a given context. Utilizing this curvature as a foundational metric, we present **Fast-DetectGPT**, an optimized zero-shot detector, which substitutes DetectGPT's perturbation step with a more efficient sampling step. Our evaluations on various datasets, source models, and test conditions indicate that Fast-DetectGPT not only surpasses DetectGPT by a relative around 75% in both the white-box and black-box settings but also accelerates the detection process by a factor of 340, as detailed in Table 1. See \\url{https://github.com/baoguangsheng/fast-detect-gpt} for code, data, and results.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.05130v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.05130v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"fast-detectgpt-efficient-zero-shot-detection","repo_url":"https://github.com/baoguangsheng/fast-detect-gpt","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"fast-detectgpt-efficient-zero-shot-detection","repo_url":"https://github.com/clcs-sustech/fouriergpt","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2310.05130","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.05130"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/baoguangsheng/fast-detect-gpt","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/clcs-sustech/fouriergpt","reach":null}],"summary":{"unverified":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"08af4130761832a6","entry":"compute_prob_norm","repo":"baoguangsheng/fast-detect-gpt","repo_kind":"official","path":"scripts/local_infer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/baoguangsheng/fast-detect-gpt/blob/HEAD/scripts/local_infer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"08af4130761832a6"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}