{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/face-recognition-too-bias-or-not-too-bias","title":"Face Recognition: Too Bias, or Not Too Bias?","arxiv_id":"2002.06483","date":"2020-02-16","proceeding":null,"authors":["Joseph P. Robinson","Gennady Livitz","Yann Henon","Can Qin","Yun Fu","Samson Timoner"],"abstract":"We reveal critical insights into problems of bias in state-of-the-art facial recognition (FR) systems using a novel Balanced Faces In the Wild (BFW) dataset: data balanced for gender and ethnic groups. We show variations in the optimal scoring threshold for face-pairs across different subgroups. Thus, the conventional approach of learning a global threshold for all pairs resulting in performance gaps among subgroups. By learning subgroup-specific thresholds, we not only mitigate problems in performance gaps but also show a notable boost in the overall performance. Furthermore, we do a human evaluation to measure the bias in humans, which supports the hypothesis that such a bias exists in human perception. For the BFW database, source code, and more, visit github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06483v4","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.06483v4.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"face-recognition-too-bias-or-not-too-bias","repo_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"BSD-3-Clause"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"face-recognition","task_name":"Face Recognition"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2002.06483","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2002.06483"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"BSD-3-Clause"}}],"summary":{"unverified":18},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":18,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"4d68c7f03f287b5e","entry":"bgr2rgb","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/image.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/image.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"4d68c7f03f287b5e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"878968bd0490c853","entry":"calculate_det_curves","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/metrics.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"878968bd0490c853"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"156fe4f51a9630eb","entry":"calculate_tar_and_far_values","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/metrics.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"156fe4f51a9630eb"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"431118228153c399","entry":"draw_det_curve","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/visualization.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/visualization.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"431118228153c399"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"5cc31a609f043060","entry":"encode_attribute_labels","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/preprocessing.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/preprocessing.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5cc31a609f043060"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"5276535170e1111e","entry":"encode_ethnicity_labels","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/preprocessing.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/preprocessing.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5276535170e1111e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c8142ddb4579a0cc","entry":"encode_gender_labels","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/preprocessing.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/preprocessing.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c8142ddb4579a0cc"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"76a6b0da0557f9d4","entry":"eval_acc","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"76a6b0da0557f9d4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b97469fc5e992338","entry":"exists","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/iotools.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/iotools.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b97469fc5e992338"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"123165e61e51bec5","entry":"find_best_threshold","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"123165e61e51bec5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0bd0953befe9d261","entry":"find_nearest","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/experiments/calculate_tar_at_far_table.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/experiments/calculate_tar_at_far_table.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0bd0953befe9d261"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"aa7f2cfee5a79806","entry":"generate_roc","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/visualization.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/visualization.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"aa7f2cfee5a79806"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"641b3317311628d2","entry":"get_acc_per_threshold","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"641b3317311628d2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"76de65e62847c472","entry":"get_image_size_from_file","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/image.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/image.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"76de65e62847c472"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"13588b87db093f1d","entry":"gray2jet","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/image.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/image.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"13588b87db093f1d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"48b98e0a0ac84c15","entry":"load_features_from_image_list","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/iotools.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/iotools.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"48b98e0a0ac84c15"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d5fc6eb1e23bc771","entry":"prune_df","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/iotools.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/iotools.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d5fc6eb1e23bc771"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fde82d12ea86db65","entry":"sum_tp","repo":"visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/facebias/metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw/blob/HEAD/code/facebias/metrics.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"BSD-3-Clause","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fde82d12ea86db65"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}