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While being able to reject uncertain samples is important, it is also of importance to be able to explain why a particular sample was rejected. With the ongoing rise of eXplainable AI (XAI), a lot of explanation methodologies for machine learning based systems have been developed -- explaining reject options, however, is still a novel field where only very little prior work exists. In this work, we propose to explain rejects by semifactual explanations, an instance of example-based explanation methods, which them self have not been widely considered in the XAI community yet. We propose a conceptual modeling of semifactual explanations for arbitrary reject options and empirically evaluate a specific implementation on a conformal prediction based reject option.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.01898v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.01898v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"even-if-diverse-semifactual-explanations-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/andreartelt/diversesemifactualsreject","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"even-if-diverse-semifactual-explanations-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/hammerlabml/diversesemifactualsreject","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"machine-learning","task_name":"BIG-bench Machine Learning"},{"task_slug":"conformal-prediction","task_name":"Conformal Prediction"},{"task_slug":"decision-making","task_name":"Decision Making"},{"task_slug":"xai","task_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2207.01898","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2207.01898","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2207.01898"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. 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