{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/euclidean-plane-and-its-relatives-a","title":"Euclidean plane and its relatives; a minimalist introduction","arxiv_id":"1302.1630","date":"2013-02-07","proceeding":null,"authors":["Anton Petrunin"],"abstract":"The book is designed for a semester-long course in Foundations of Geometry and meant to be rigorous, conservative, elementary and minimalist. List of topics: Euclidean geometry: The Axioms / Half-planes / Congruent triangles / Perpendicular lines / Similar triangles / Parallel lines / Triangle geometry. Inversive geometry: Inscribed angles / Inversion. Non-Euclidean geometry: Neutral plane / Hyperbolic plane / Geometry of h-plane. Additional topics: Affine geometry / Projective geometry / Spherical insights / Projective model / Complex coordinates / Geometric constructions / Area.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.1630v17","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.1630v17.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"euclidean-plane-and-its-relatives-a","repo_url":"https://github.com/anton-petrunin/birkhoff","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}