{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/ensembles-of-many-diverse-weak-defenses-can","title":"ATHENA: A Framework based on Diverse Weak Defenses for Building Adversarial Defense","arxiv_id":"2001.00308","date":"2020-01-02","proceeding":null,"authors":["Ying Meng","Jianhai Su","Jason O'Kane","Pooyan Jamshidi"],"abstract":"There has been extensive research on developing defense techniques against adversarial attacks; however, they have been mainly designed for specific model families or application domains, therefore, they cannot be easily extended. Based on the design philosophy of ensemble of diverse weak defenses, we propose ATHENA---a flexible and extensible framework for building generic yet effective defenses against adversarial attacks. We have conducted a comprehensive empirical study to evaluate several realizations of ATHENA with four threat models including zero-knowledge, black-box, gray-box, and white-box. We also explain (i) why diversity matters, (ii) the generality of the defense framework, and (iii) the overhead costs incurred by ATHENA.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.00308v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.00308v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"ensembles-of-many-diverse-weak-defenses-can","repo_url":"https://github.com/softsys4ai/athena","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"ensembles-of-many-diverse-weak-defenses-can","repo_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"ensembles-of-many-diverse-weak-defenses-can","repo_url":"https://github.com/softsys4ai/FlexiBO","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"adversarial-defense","task_name":"Adversarial Defense"},{"task_slug":"denoising","task_name":"Denoising"},{"task_slug":"diversity","task_name":"Diversity"},{"task_slug":"philosophy","task_name":"Philosophy"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2001.00308","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2001.00308"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/softsys4ai/FlexiBO","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/softsys4ai/athena","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"unverified":8},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":0,"repositories":1},"listed":{"samples":7,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"9a7c7b4b486fea5a","entry":"calAccu","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/clustering/prediction_accuracy_EM_MSV.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/clustering/prediction_accuracy_EM_MSV.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9a7c7b4b486fea5a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7ca0c9b4af04417b","entry":"compute_model_accuracy","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/evaluation/compute_accuracy.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/evaluation/compute_accuracy.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7ca0c9b4af04417b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6996cc9e86dd8589","entry":"distanceToCenter","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/clustering/kmeans.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/clustering/kmeans.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6996cc9e86dd8589"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a553f41e56c3ebde","entry":"get_adversarial_metric","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/attacks/whitebox.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/attacks/whitebox.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a553f41e56c3ebde"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0b0ce53ea12aed7f","entry":"get_ideal_accuracy","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/evaluation/compute_accuracy.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/evaluation/compute_accuracy.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0b0ce53ea12aed7f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"545c950219db075e","entry":"get_norm_value","repo":"softsys4ai/athena","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/attacks/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/softsys4ai/athena/blob/HEAD/src/attacks/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"545c950219db075e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"19d7c5d5624b5935","entry":"k_means","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/clustering/kmeans.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/clustering/kmeans.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"19d7c5d5624b5935"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"db84b86fc5de368e","entry":"vote1","repo":"nybupt/athena","repo_kind":"listed","path":"src/clustering/ensemble_model_KMeans.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nybupt/athena/blob/HEAD/src/clustering/ensemble_model_KMeans.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"db84b86fc5de368e"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}