{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/emergence-of-off-axis-equilibria-in-a-quantum","title":"Turbulent relaxation to equilibrium in a two-dimensional quantum vortex gas","arxiv_id":"2010.10049","date":"2020-10-20","proceeding":null,"authors":["Matthew T. Reeves","Kwan Goddard-Lee","Guillaume Gauthier","Oliver R. Stockdale","Hayder Salman","Timothy Edmonds","Xiaoquan Yu","Ashton S. Bradley","Mark Baker","Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop","Matthew J. Davis","Tyler W. Neely"],"abstract":"We experimentally study emergence of microcanonical equilibrium states in the turbulent relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional chiral vortex gas. Same-sign vortices are injected into a quasi-two-dimensional disk-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using a range of mechanical stirring protocols. The resulting long-time vortex distributions are found to be in excellent agreement with the meanfield Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the system describing the microcanonical ensemble at fixed energy $\\cal{H}$ and angular momentum $\\cal{M}$. The equilibrium states are characterized by the corresponding thermodynamic variables of inverse temperature $\\hat{\\beta}$ and rotation frequency $\\hat{\\omega}$. We are able to realize equilibria spanning the full phase diagram of the vortex gas, including on-axis states near zero-temperature, infinite temperature, and negative absolute temperatures. At sufficiently high energies the system exhibits a symmetry-breaking transition, resulting in an off-axis equilibrium phase at negative absolute temperature that no longer shares the symmetry of the container. We introduce a point-vortex model with phenomenological damping and noise that is able to quantitatively reproduce the equilibration dynamics.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10049v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10049v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"emergence-of-off-axis-equilibria-in-a-quantum","repo_url":"https://github.com/Xiaoquanyu/resaerch-group-on-quantum-liquid","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}