{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/early-methods-for-detecting-adversarial","title":"Early Methods for Detecting Adversarial Images","arxiv_id":"1608.00530","date":"2016-08-01","proceeding":null,"authors":["Dan Hendrycks","Kevin Gimpel"],"abstract":"Many machine learning classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial\nperturbations. An adversarial perturbation modifies an input to change a\nclassifier's prediction without causing the input to seem substantially\ndifferent to human perception. We deploy three methods to detect adversarial\nimages. Adversaries trying to bypass our detectors must make the adversarial\nimage less pathological or they will fail trying. Our best detection method\nreveals that adversarial images place abnormal emphasis on the lower-ranked\nprincipal components from PCA. Other detectors and a colorful saliency map are\nin an appendix.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.00530v2","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.00530v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"early-methods-for-detecting-adversarial","repo_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"machine-learning","task_name":"BIG-bench Machine Learning"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"pca","method_name":"PCA"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1608.00530","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1608.00530"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"ran_violates":1,"unverified":9},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":10,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"25c7475539e39da4","entry":"str2bool","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/fooler_generator.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/fooler_generator.py","link_basis":"plan_row","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"25c7475539e39da4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"31f53bfabcded184","entry":"get_freq_stats","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/fooler_generator_constrained.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/fooler_generator_constrained.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"31f53bfabcded184"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8633f606824fb007","entry":"load_batch","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8633f606824fb007"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9db68167799bea76","entry":"load_data10","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9db68167799bea76"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9c69acb187af1a3c","entry":"random_contrast","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9c69acb187af1a3c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"828f8462c52a552f","entry":"random_crops","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"828f8462c52a552f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"137e1bd3e77f19a9","entry":"random_flips","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/tiny-imagenet/cs231n/data_augmentation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"137e1bd3e77f19a9"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"70f5b5175a23f59d","entry":"to_categorical","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/load_cifar10.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"70f5b5175a23f59d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9cf114efaf65dc13","entry":"unpickle","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/resnet_32.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/resnet_32.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9cf114efaf65dc13"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7ee03f4b0eaf7da6","entry":"whiten","repo":"hendrycks/fooling","repo_kind":"official","path":"CIFAR/fooler_generator_constrained.py","file_url":"https://github.com/hendrycks/fooling/blob/HEAD/CIFAR/fooler_generator_constrained.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7ee03f4b0eaf7da6"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}