{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/digital-twin-for-porous-electrodes-in-redox","title":"Digital Twin for Porous Electrodes in Redox Flow Batteries","arxiv_id":"2502.08034","date":"2025-02-12","proceeding":null,"authors":["Michael S. Emanuel","Chris H. Rycroft"],"abstract":"Porous electrodes are a vital component of redox flow batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers. We present a 3D digital twin for a porous electrode by direct numerical solution of the governing Navier-Stokes and Nernst-Planck equations for incompressible flow and electrochemical mass transport with Butler-Volmer reaction kinetics. We demonstrate our method by simulating a laboratory sized system at a sub-fiber scale of $1.25 {\\mu}m$ using a single workstation. We establish convergence and the consistency of mesh refined lattices, and review an experimental validation of our model. We show the efficacy of two novel techniques to speed convergence to steady state, iterative upsampling and model refinement. We prove that the state of charge ($s$) at steady state can be formulated as the solution to a single PDE in $s$ with a Dirichlet boundary condition, and introduce a novel figure of merit $U_{\\text{mt}}$, the utilization of an electrode geometry at the mass transport limit, both of which can be rapidly simulated with explicit methods from a given fluid velocity field. All of our code is highly performant, parallelizable, open source C++ that is published with this work and compatible with the largest modern scientific supercomputers available today.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08034v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.08034v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"digital-twin-for-porous-electrodes-in-redox","repo_url":"https://github.com/memanuel/rfb-twin","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}