{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/define-deep-factorized-input-word-embeddings-1","title":"DeFINE: DEep Factorized INput Token Embeddings for Neural Sequence Modeling","arxiv_id":"1911.12385","date":"2019-11-27","proceeding":"ICLR 2020 1","authors":["Sachin Mehta","Rik Koncel-Kedziorski","Mohammad Rastegari","Hannaneh Hajishirzi"],"abstract":"For sequence models with large vocabularies, a majority of network parameters lie in the input and output layers. In this work, we describe a new method, DeFINE, for learning deep token representations efficiently. Our architecture uses a hierarchical structure with novel skip-connections which allows for the use of low dimensional input and output layers, reducing total parameters and training time while delivering similar or better performance versus existing methods. DeFINE can be incorporated easily in new or existing sequence models. Compared to state-of-the-art methods including adaptive input representations, this technique results in a 6% to 20% drop in perplexity. On WikiText-103, DeFINE reduces the total parameters of Transformer-XL by half with minimal impact on performance. On the Penn Treebank, DeFINE improves AWD-LSTM by 4 points with a 17% reduction in parameters, achieving comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods with fewer parameters. For machine translation, DeFINE improves the efficiency of the Transformer model by about 1.4 times while delivering similar performance.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12385v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.12385v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"define-deep-factorized-input-word-embeddings-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/sacmehta/delight","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"machine-translation","task_name":"Machine Translation"},{"task_slug":"translation","task_name":"Translation"},{"task_slug":"word-embeddings","task_name":"Word Embeddings"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"awd-lstm","method_name":"AWD-LSTM"},{"method_slug":"absolute-position-encodings","method_name":"Absolute Position Encodings"},{"method_slug":"activation-regularization","method_name":"Activation Regularization"},{"method_slug":"adam","method_name":"Adam"},{"method_slug":"adaptive-input-representations","method_name":"Adaptive Input Representations"},{"method_slug":"adaptive-softmax","method_name":"Adaptive Softmax"},{"method_slug":"attention","method_name":"Attention"},{"method_slug":"bpe","method_name":"BPE"},{"method_slug":"cosine-annealing","method_name":"Cosine Annealing"},{"method_slug":"dense-connections","method_name":"Dense Connections"},{"method_slug":"dropconnect","method_name":"DropConnect"},{"method_slug":"dropout","method_name":"Dropout"},{"method_slug":"embedding-dropout","method_name":"Embedding Dropout"},{"method_slug":"lstm","method_name":"LSTM"},{"method_slug":"label-smoothing","method_name":"Label Smoothing"},{"method_slug":"layer-normalization","method_name":"Layer Normalization"},{"method_slug":"linear-layer","method_name":"Linear Layer"},{"method_slug":"linear-warmup-with-cosine-annealing","method_name":"Linear Warmup With Cosine Annealing"},{"method_slug":"multi-head-attention","method_name":"Multi-Head Attention"},{"method_slug":"nt-asgd","method_name":"NT-ASGD"},{"method_slug":"position-wise-feed-forward-layer","method_name":"Position-Wise Feed-Forward Layer"},{"method_slug":"relu","method_name":"ReLU"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"},{"method_slug":"sigmoid-activation","method_name":"Sigmoid Activation"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"tanh-activation","method_name":"Tanh Activation"},{"method_slug":"temporal-activation-regularization","method_name":"Temporal Activation Regularization"},{"method_slug":"transformer","method_name":"Transformer"},{"method_slug":"transformer-xl","method_name":"Transformer-XL"},{"method_slug":"variational-dropout","method_name":"Variational Dropout"},{"method_slug":"weight-tying","method_name":"Weight Tying"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1911.12385","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}