{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/dealing-with-multiple-intercurrent-events","title":"Dealing with multiple intercurrent events using hypothetical and treatment policy strategies simultaneously","arxiv_id":"2502.03329","date":"2025-02-05","proceeding":null,"authors":["Camila Olarte Parra","Rhian M. Daniel","Jonathan W. Bartlett"],"abstract":"To precisely define the treatment effect of interest in a clinical trial, the ICH E9 estimand addendum describes that relevant so-called intercurrent events should be identified and strategies specified to deal with them. Handling intercurrent events with different strategies leads to different estimands. In this paper, we focus on estimands that involve addressing one intercurrent event with the treatment policy strategy and another with the hypothetical strategy. We define these estimands using potential outcomes and causal diagrams, considering the possible causal relationships between the two intercurrent events and other variables. We show that there are different causal estimand definitions and assumptions one could adopt, each having different implications for estimation, which is demonstrated in a simulation study. The different considerations are illustrated conceptually using a diabetes trial as an example.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03329v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03329v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"dealing-with-multiple-intercurrent-events","repo_url":"https://github.com/colartep/hypothetical_and_treatment_policy","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}