{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/cuda-curriculum-of-data-augmentation-for-long","title":"CUDA: Curriculum of Data Augmentation for Long-Tailed Recognition","arxiv_id":"2302.05499","date":"2023-02-10","proceeding":null,"authors":["Sumyeong Ahn","Jongwoo Ko","Se-Young Yun"],"abstract":"Class imbalance problems frequently occur in real-world tasks, and conventional deep learning algorithms are well known for performance degradation on imbalanced training datasets. To mitigate this problem, many approaches have aimed to balance among given classes by re-weighting or re-sampling training samples. These re-balancing methods increase the impact of minority classes and reduce the influence of majority classes on the output of models. However, the extracted representations may be of poor quality owing to the limited number of minority samples. To handle this restriction, several methods have been developed that increase the representations of minority samples by leveraging the features of the majority samples. Despite extensive recent studies, no deep analysis has been conducted on determination of classes to be augmented and strength of augmentation has been conducted. In this study, we first investigate the correlation between the degree of augmentation and class-wise performance, and find that the proper degree of augmentation must be allocated for each class to mitigate class imbalance problems. Motivated by this finding, we propose a simple and efficient novel curriculum, which is designed to find the appropriate per-class strength of data augmentation, called CUDA: CUrriculum of Data Augmentation for long-tailed recognition. CUDA can simply be integrated into existing long-tailed recognition methods. We present the results of experiments showing that CUDA effectively achieves better generalization performance compared to the state-of-the-art method on various imbalanced datasets such as CIFAR-100-LT, ImageNet-LT, and iNaturalist 2018.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.05499v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.05499v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"cuda-curriculum-of-data-augmentation-for-long","repo_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"data-augmentation","task_name":"Data Augmentation"},{"task_slug":"long-tail-learning","task_name":"Long-tail Learning"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/long-tail-learning-on-cifar-100-lt-r-10","task":"Long-tail Learning","dataset":"CIFAR-100-LT (ρ=10)","model":"BCL+CUDA","rank_in_archive_order":13,"of":31,"metrics":{"Error Rate":"35.4"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2302.05499","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2302.05499"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":14,"ran_fixture":3,"ran":1,"unverified":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":20,"ran":18,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":20,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"b8c590bef6e963a5","entry":"Brightness","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b8c590bef6e963a5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"79325ac79d00a9e4","entry":"CUDA","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"79325ac79d00a9e4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d84dd48531aa301a","entry":"Color","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d84dd48531aa301a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"cbaacb95872d184b","entry":"Contrast","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"cbaacb95872d184b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"44777427cec78b34","entry":"Detail","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"44777427cec78b34"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2e749a4c531d738f","entry":"EdgeEnhance","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2e749a4c531d738f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c627a57375b0ed78","entry":"Flip","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c627a57375b0ed78"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"e3a440ead9bd58a5","entry":"GaussianBlur","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"e3a440ead9bd58a5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"561d767850eeda60","entry":"Mirror","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"561d767850eeda60"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"524db8e9fbaceab2","entry":"Rotate","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"524db8e9fbaceab2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1aee0d70df848066","entry":"Sharpness","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1aee0d70df848066"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9846307204b08173","entry":"ShearX","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9846307204b08173"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"109155544d6d2c48","entry":"ShearY","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"109155544d6d2c48"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6403d3d16b4a2c9a","entry":"Smooth","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6403d3d16b4a2c9a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"24929112b43ba099","entry":"Solarize","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"24929112b43ba099"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"62260bb568ba067f","entry":"TranslateXabs","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"62260bb568ba067f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9752feef807958b2","entry":"TranslateYabs","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9752feef807958b2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d7ac225abbe34b47","entry":"augment_list","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d7ac225abbe34b47"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8ef3ee0004e5c542","entry":"ResizeCrop","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8ef3ee0004e5c542"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7c7fafdfdd722e63","entry":"SolarizeAdd","repo":"sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr","repo_kind":"official","path":"cifar/aug/cuda.py","file_url":"https://github.com/sumyeongahn/cuda_ltr/blob/HEAD/cifar/aug/cuda.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7c7fafdfdd722e63"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}