{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/constructing-trading-strategy-ensembles-by","title":"Constructing trading strategy ensembles by classifying market states","arxiv_id":"2012.03078","date":"2020-12-05","proceeding":null,"authors":["Michal Balcerak","Thomas Schmelzer"],"abstract":"Rather than directly predicting future prices or returns, we follow a more recent trend in asset management and classify the state of a market based on labels. We use numerous standard labels and even construct our own ones. The labels rely on future data to be calculated, and can be used a target for training a market state classifier using an appropriate set of market features, e.g. moving averages. The construction of those features relies on their label separation power. Only a set of reasonable distinct features can approximate the labels. For each label we use a specific neural network to classify the state using the market features from our feature space. Each classifier gives a probability to buy or to sell and combining all their recommendations (here only done in a linear way) results in what we call a trading strategy. There are many such strategies and some of them are somewhat dubious and misleading. We construct our own metric based on past returns but penalising for a low number of transactions or small capital involvement. Only top score-performance-wise trading strategies end up in final ensembles. Using the Bitcoin market we show that the strategy ensembles outperform both in returns and risk-adjusted returns in the out-of-sample period. Even more so we demonstrate that there is a clear correlation between the success achieved in the past (if measured in our custom metric) and the future.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.03078v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.03078v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"constructing-trading-strategy-ensembles-by","repo_url":"https://github.com/m1balcerak/labels","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}