{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/constraining-cluster-virialization-mechanism","title":"Constraining Cluster Virialization Mechanism and Cosmology using Thermal-SZ-selected clusters from Future CMB Surveys","arxiv_id":"2107.10250","date":"2021-07-21","proceeding":null,"authors":["Srinivasan Raghunathan","Nathan Whitehorn","Marcelo A. Alvarez","Han Aung","Nicholas Battaglia","Gilbert P. Holder","Daisuke Nagai","Elena Pierpaoli","Christian L. Reichardt","Joaquin D. Vieira"],"abstract":"We forecast the number of galaxy clusters that can be detected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) signals by future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, primarily the wide area survey of the CMB-S4 experiment but also CMB-S4's smaller delensing survey and the proposed CMB-HD experiment. We predict that CMB-S4 will detect 75,000 clusters with its wide survey of $f_{\\rm sky}$ = 50% and 14,000 clusters with its deep survey of $f_{\\rm sky}$ = 3%. Of these, approximately 1350 clusters will be at $z \\ge 2$, a regime that is difficult to probe by optical or X-ray surveys. We assume CMB-HD will survey the same sky as the S4-Wide{}, and find that CMB-HD will detect $\\times3$ more overall and an order of magnitude more $z \\ge 2$ clusters than CMB-S4. These results include galactic and extragalactic foregrounds along with atmospheric and instrumental noise. Using CMB-cluster lensing to calibrate cluster tSZ-mass scaling relation, we combine cluster counts with primary CMB to obtain cosmological constraints for a two parameter extension of the standard model ($\\Lambda CDM+\\sum m_{\\nu}+w_{0}$). Besides constraining $\\sigma(w_{0})$ to $\\lesssim 1\\%$, we find that both surveys can enable a $\\sim 2.5-4.5\\sigma$ detection of $\\sum m_{\\nu}$, substantially strengthening CMB-only constraints. We also study the evolution of intracluster medium by modelling the cluster virialization ${\\rm v}(z)$ and find tight constraints from CMB-S4, with further factors of 3-4 improvement for CMB-HD. The binned cluster counts, Fisher matrices, and other associated products can be downloaded from https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/tSZ_cluster_forecasts.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10250v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.10250v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"constraining-cluster-virialization-mechanism","repo_url":"https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/tSZ_cluster_forecasts","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}