{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/concrete-improving-cross-lingual-fact","title":"CONCRETE: Improving Cross-lingual Fact-checking with Cross-lingual Retrieval","arxiv_id":"2209.02071","date":"2022-09-05","proceeding":"COLING 2022 10","authors":["Kung-Hsiang Huang","ChengXiang Zhai","Heng Ji"],"abstract":"Fact-checking has gained increasing attention due to the widespread of falsified information. Most fact-checking approaches focus on claims made in English only due to the data scarcity issue in other languages. The lack of fact-checking datasets in low-resource languages calls for an effective cross-lingual transfer technique for fact-checking. Additionally, trustworthy information in different languages can be complementary and helpful in verifying facts. To this end, we present the first fact-checking framework augmented with cross-lingual retrieval that aggregates evidence retrieved from multiple languages through a cross-lingual retriever. Given the absence of cross-lingual information retrieval datasets with claim-like queries, we train the retriever with our proposed Cross-lingual Inverse Cloze Task (X-ICT), a self-supervised algorithm that creates training instances by translating the title of a passage. The goal for X-ICT is to learn cross-lingual retrieval in which the model learns to identify the passage corresponding to a given translated title. On the X-Fact dataset, our approach achieves 2.23% absolute F1 improvement in the zero-shot cross-lingual setup over prior systems. The source code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/khuangaf/CONCRETE.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02071v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.02071v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"concrete-improving-cross-lingual-fact","repo_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"cross-lingual-information-retrieval","task_name":"Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval"},{"task_slug":"cross-lingual-transfer","task_name":"Cross-Lingual Transfer"},{"task_slug":null,"task_name":"Cross-lingual Fact-checking"},{"task_slug":"fact-checking","task_name":"Fact Checking"},{"task_slug":"information-retrieval","task_name":"Information Retrieval"},{"task_slug":"retrieval","task_name":"Retrieval"},{"task_slug":"zero-shot-cross-lingual-fact-checking","task_name":"Zero-shot Cross-lingual Fact-checking"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2209.02071","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2209.02071"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"summary":{"unverified":5},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":5,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"8aafa7188fd53c4f","entry":"get_language_code","repo":"khuangaf/concrete","repo_kind":"official","path":"CORA/mDPR/create_ict_samples.py","file_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete/blob/HEAD/CORA/mDPR/create_ict_samples.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8aafa7188fd53c4f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0ff469fd7e461be9","entry":"load_examples","repo":"khuangaf/concrete","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/xfact_eval.py","file_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete/blob/HEAD/src/xfact_eval.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0ff469fd7e461be9"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8811524f91dd3133","entry":"load_passages","repo":"khuangaf/concrete","repo_kind":"official","path":"CORA/mDPR/dense_retriever.py","file_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete/blob/HEAD/CORA/mDPR/dense_retriever.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8811524f91dd3133"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9f7343aa8cadeb59","entry":"load_predictions","repo":"khuangaf/concrete","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/xfact_eval.py","file_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete/blob/HEAD/src/xfact_eval.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9f7343aa8cadeb59"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2f5b553b69c63c9c","entry":"most_common","repo":"khuangaf/concrete","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/xfact_eval.py","file_url":"https://github.com/khuangaf/concrete/blob/HEAD/src/xfact_eval.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2f5b553b69c63c9c"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}