{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/collecting-a-large-scale-gender-bias-dataset","title":"Collecting a Large-Scale Gender Bias Dataset for Coreference Resolution and Machine Translation","arxiv_id":"2109.03858","date":"2021-09-08","proceeding":"Findings (EMNLP) 2021 11","authors":["Shahar Levy","Koren Lazar","Gabriel Stanovsky"],"abstract":"Recent works have found evidence of gender bias in models of machine translation and coreference resolution using mostly synthetic diagnostic datasets. While these quantify bias in a controlled experiment, they often do so on a small scale and consist mostly of artificial, out-of-distribution sentences. In this work, we find grammatical patterns indicating stereotypical and non-stereotypical gender-role assignments (e.g., female nurses versus male dancers) in corpora from three domains, resulting in a first large-scale gender bias dataset of 108K diverse real-world English sentences. We manually verify the quality of our corpus and use it to evaluate gender bias in various coreference resolution and machine translation models. We find that all tested models tend to over-rely on gender stereotypes when presented with natural inputs, which may be especially harmful when deployed in commercial systems. Finally, we show that our dataset lends itself to finetuning a coreference resolution model, finding it mitigates bias on a held out set. Our dataset and models are publicly available at www.github.com/SLAB-NLP/BUG. We hope they will spur future research into gender bias evaluation mitigation techniques in realistic settings.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03858v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.03858v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"collecting-a-large-scale-gender-bias-dataset","repo_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"coreference-resolution","task_name":"Coreference Resolution"},{"task_slug":"diagnostic","task_name":"Diagnostic"},{"task_slug":"machine-translation","task_name":"Machine Translation"},{"task_slug":"translation","task_name":"Translation"},{"task_slug":"coreference-resolution-1","task_name":"coreference-resolution"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[{"slug":"bug","name":"BUG","full_name":""}],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2109.03858","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2109.03858","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.03858"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":1,"ran_honours":2,"ran_violates":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":5,"ran":5,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"06b402319a08e6f3","entry":"convert_row_to_conll","repo":"slab-nlp/bug","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/converters/convert_to_conll.py","file_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug/blob/HEAD/src/converters/convert_to_conll.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"06b402319a08e6f3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c44744a932822198","entry":"find_cluster_ind","repo":"slab-nlp/bug","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","file_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug/blob/HEAD/src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c44744a932822198"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b892b3937d808e74","entry":"get_acc","repo":"slab-nlp/bug","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","file_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug/blob/HEAD/src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b892b3937d808e74"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"18358eda7d56ca10","entry":"is_correct_pred","repo":"slab-nlp/bug","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","file_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug/blob/HEAD/src/evaluations/evaluate_coref.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"18358eda7d56ca10"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"f275b143001bb6c6","entry":"validate_row","repo":"slab-nlp/bug","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/converters/convert_to_conll.py","file_url":"https://github.com/slab-nlp/bug/blob/HEAD/src/converters/convert_to_conll.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f275b143001bb6c6"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}