{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/coder-an-efficient-framework-for-improving","title":"CODER: An efficient framework for improving retrieval through COntextual Document Embedding Reranking","arxiv_id":"2112.08766","date":"2021-12-16","proceeding":null,"authors":["George Zerveas","Navid Rekabsaz","Daniel Cohen","Carsten Eickhoff"],"abstract":"Contrastive learning has been the dominant approach to training dense retrieval models. In this work, we investigate the impact of ranking context - an often overlooked aspect of learning dense retrieval models. In particular, we examine the effect of its constituent parts: jointly scoring a large number of negatives per query, using retrieved (query-specific) instead of random negatives, and a fully list-wise loss. To incorporate these factors into training, we introduce Contextual Document Embedding Reranking (CODER), a highly efficient retrieval framework. When reranking, it incurs only a negligible computational overhead on top of a first-stage method at run time (delay per query in the order of milliseconds), allowing it to be easily combined with any state-of-the-art dual encoder method. After fine-tuning through CODER, which is a lightweight and fast process, models can also be used as stand-alone retrievers. Evaluating CODER in a large set of experiments on the MS~MARCO and TripClick collections, we show that the contextual reranking of precomputed document embeddings leads to a significant improvement in retrieval performance. This improvement becomes even more pronounced when more relevance information per query is available, shown in the TripClick collection, where we establish new state-of-the-art results by a large margin.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08766v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08766v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"coder-an-efficient-framework-for-improving","repo_url":"https://github.com/gzerveas/CODER","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"BSD-3-Clause"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"contrastive-learning","task_name":"Contrastive Learning"},{"task_slug":"document-embedding","task_name":"Document Embedding"},{"task_slug":"reranking","task_name":"Reranking"},{"task_slug":"retrieval","task_name":"Retrieval"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"aware","method_name":"AWARE"},{"method_slug":"base","method_name":"BASE"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2112.08766","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}