{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/characterizing-un-moderated-textual-data-in","title":"Characterizing (Un)moderated Textual Data in Social Systems","arxiv_id":"2101.00963","date":"2021-01-04","proceeding":null,"authors":["Lucas Henrique Costa de Lima","Julio Reis","Philipe Melo","Fabricio Murai","Fabricio Benevenuto"],"abstract":"Despite the valuable social interactions that online media promote, these systems provide space for speech that would be potentially detrimental to different groups of people. The moderation of content imposed by many social media has motivated the emergence of a new social system for free speech named Gab, which lacks moderation of content. This article characterizes and compares moderated textual data from Twitter with a set of unmoderated data from Gab. In particular, we analyze distinguishing characteristics of moderated and unmoderated content in terms of linguistic features, evaluate hate speech and its different forms in both environments. Our work shows that unmoderated content presents different psycholinguistic features, more negative sentiment and higher toxicity. Our findings support that unmoderated environments may have proportionally more online hate speech. We hope our analysis and findings contribute to the debate about hate speech and benefit systems aiming at deploying hate speech detection approaches.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.00963v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.00963v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"characterizing-un-moderated-textual-data-in","repo_url":"https://github.com/lhenriquecl/unmoderated-hate-dataset","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2101.00963","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}