{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/characterizing-the-contribution-of-dust","title":"Characterizing the contribution of dust-obscured star formation at $z \\gtrsim$ 5 using 18 serendipitously identified [CII] emitters","arxiv_id":"2409.11463","date":"2024-09-17","proceeding":null,"authors":["I. F. van Leeuwen","R. J. Bouwens","P. P. van der Werf","J. A. Hodge","S. Schouws","M. Stefanon","H. S. B. Algera","M. Aravena","L. A. Boogaard","R. A . A. Bowler","E. da Cunha","P. Dayal","R. Decarli","V. Gonzalez","H. Inami","I. de Looze","L. Sommovigo","B. P. Venemans","F. Walter","L. Barrufet","A. Ferrara","L. Graziani","A. P. S. Hygate","P. Oesch","M. Palla","L. Rowland","R. Schneider"],"abstract":"We present a new method to determine the star formation rate (SFR) density of the Universe at $z \\gtrsim 5$ that includes the contribution of dust-obscured star formation. For this purpose, we use a [CII] (158 $\\mu$m) selected sample of galaxies serendipitously identified in the fields of known $z\\gtrsim 4.5$ objects to characterize the fraction of obscured SFR. The advantage of a [CII] selection is that our sample is SFR-selected, in contrast to a UV-selection that would be biased towards unobscured star formation. We obtain a sample of 23 [CII] emitters near star-forming (SF) galaxies and QSOs -- three of which we identify for the first time -- using previous literature and archival ALMA data. 18 of these serendipitously identified galaxies have sufficiently deep rest-UV data and are used to characterize the obscured fraction of the star formation in galaxies with SFRs $\\gtrsim 30\\ \\text{M}_{\\odot} \\ \\text{yr}^{-1}$. We find that [CII] emitters identified around SF galaxies have $\\approx$63\\% of their SFR obscured, while [CII] emitters around QSOs have $\\approx$93\\% of their SFR obscured. By forward modeling existing wide-area UV luminosity function (LF) determinations, we derive the intrinsic UV LF using our characterization of the obscured SFR. Integrating the intrinsic LF to $M_{UV}$ = $-$20 we find that the obscured SFRD contributes to $>3\\%$ and $>10\\%$ of the total SFRD at $z \\sim 5$ and $z \\sim 6$ based on our sample of companions galaxies near SFGs and QSOs, respectively. Our results suggest that dust obscuration is not negligible at $z\\gtrsim 5$, further underlining the importance of far-IR observations of the $z\\gtrsim 5$ Universe.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11463v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.11463v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"characterizing-the-contribution-of-dust","repo_url":"https://github.com/pavesiriccardo/MF3D","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}