{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/brainteaser-lateral-thinking-puzzles-for","title":"BRAINTEASER: Lateral Thinking Puzzles for Large Language Models","arxiv_id":"2310.05057","date":"2023-10-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yifan Jiang","Filip Ilievski","Kaixin Ma","Zhivar Sourati"],"abstract":"The success of language models has inspired the NLP community to attend to tasks that require implicit and complex reasoning, relying on human-like commonsense mechanisms. While such vertical thinking tasks have been relatively popular, lateral thinking puzzles have received little attention. To bridge this gap, we devise BRAINTEASER: a multiple-choice Question Answering task designed to test the model's ability to exhibit lateral thinking and defy default commonsense associations. We design a three-step procedure for creating the first lateral thinking benchmark, consisting of data collection, distractor generation, and generation of adversarial examples, leading to 1,100 puzzles with high-quality annotations. To assess the consistency of lateral reasoning by models, we enrich BRAINTEASER based on a semantic and contextual reconstruction of its questions. Our experiments with state-of-the-art instruction- and commonsense language models reveal a significant gap between human and model performance, which is further widened when consistency across adversarial formats is considered. We make all of our code and data available to stimulate work on developing and evaluating lateral thinking models.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.05057v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.05057v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"brainteaser-lateral-thinking-puzzles-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/1171-jpg/brainteaser","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"brainteaser-lateral-thinking-puzzles-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"distractor-generation","task_name":"Distractor Generation"},{"task_slug":"language-modelling","task_name":"Language Modelling"},{"task_slug":"large-language-model","task_name":"Large Language Model"},{"task_slug":"multiple-choice","task_name":"Multiple-choice"},{"task_slug":"question-answering","task_name":"Question Answering"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2310.05057","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.05057"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/1171-jpg/brainteaser","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":3,"unverified":4},"by_repo_kind":{"listed":{"samples":7,"ran":3,"repositories":2}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":3,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"55996e0a9f812231","entry":"getMetric","repo":"1171-jpg/brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"Prompting/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/1171-jpg/brainteaser/blob/HEAD/Prompting/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"55996e0a9f812231"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"39c188c433657f92","entry":"getResultdata","repo":"1171-jpg/brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"Prompting/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/1171-jpg/brainteaser/blob/HEAD/Prompting/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"39c188c433657f92"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fdf31c58c368171c","entry":"getSeperateResult","repo":"1171-jpg/brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"Prompting/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/1171-jpg/brainteaser/blob/HEAD/Prompting/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fdf31c58c368171c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"438c35a4ca122900","entry":"group_accuracy","repo":"giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"semeval2024_task9/evaluation/metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser/blob/HEAD/semeval2024_task9/evaluation/metrics.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"438c35a4ca122900"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"5aa440641d8b502e","entry":"instance_accuracy","repo":"giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"semeval2024_task9/evaluation/metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser/blob/HEAD/semeval2024_task9/evaluation/metrics.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5aa440641d8b502e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"44695a164d2aa5c8","entry":"predict_multiple_choice_logits","repo":"giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"semeval2024_task9/inference/encoder_predict.py","file_url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser/blob/HEAD/semeval2024_task9/inference/encoder_predict.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"44695a164d2aa5c8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3eb466fb89ec15fa","entry":"write_codalab_submission","repo":"giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser","repo_kind":"listed","path":"semeval2024_task9/evaluation/submission.py","file_url":"https://github.com/giannispana/ails-ntua-at-semeval-2024-task-9-brainteaser/blob/HEAD/semeval2024_task9/evaluation/submission.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3eb466fb89ec15fa"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}