{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/boundary-smoothing-for-named-entity-1","title":"Boundary Smoothing for Named Entity Recognition","arxiv_id":"2204.12031","date":"2022-04-26","proceeding":"ACL 2022 5","authors":["Enwei Zhu","Jinpeng Li"],"abstract":"Neural named entity recognition (NER) models may easily encounter the over-confidence issue, which degrades the performance and calibration. Inspired by label smoothing and driven by the ambiguity of boundary annotation in NER engineering, we propose boundary smoothing as a regularization technique for span-based neural NER models. It re-assigns entity probabilities from annotated spans to the surrounding ones. Built on a simple but strong baseline, our model achieves results better than or competitive with previous state-of-the-art systems on eight well-known NER benchmarks. Further empirical analysis suggests that boundary smoothing effectively mitigates over-confidence, improves model calibration, and brings flatter neural minima and more smoothed loss landscapes.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12031v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.12031v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"boundary-smoothing-for-named-entity-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/syuoni/eznlp","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"chinese-named-entity-recognition","task_name":"Chinese Named Entity Recognition"},{"task_slug":"cg","task_name":"NER"},{"task_slug":"named-entity-recognition-1","task_name":"Named Entity Recognition"},{"task_slug":"named-entity-recognition-ner","task_name":"Named Entity Recognition (NER)"},{"task_slug":"nested-named-entity-recognition","task_name":"Nested Named Entity Recognition"},{"task_slug":"named-entity-recognition","task_name":"named-entity-recognition"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"label-smoothing","method_name":"Label Smoothing"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/chinese-named-entity-recognition-on-msra","task":"Chinese Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"MSRA","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":3,"of":21,"metrics":{"F1":"96.26"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/chinese-named-entity-recognition-on-ontonotes","task":"Chinese Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"OntoNotes 4","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":3,"of":15,"metrics":{"F1":"82.83"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/chinese-named-entity-recognition-on-resume","task":"Chinese Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"Resume NER","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":3,"of":13,"metrics":{"F1":"96.66"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/chinese-named-entity-recognition-on-weibo-ner","task":"Chinese Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"Weibo NER","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":2,"of":18,"metrics":{"F1":"72.66"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/named-entity-recognition-ner-on-conll-2003","task":"Named Entity Recognition (NER)","dataset":"CoNLL 2003 (English)","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":15,"of":73,"metrics":{"F1":"93.65"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/named-entity-recognition-ner-on-ontonotes-v5","task":"Named Entity Recognition (NER)","dataset":"Ontonotes v5 (English)","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":3,"of":28,"metrics":{"F1":"91.74"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/nested-named-entity-recognition-on-ace-2004","task":"Nested Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"ACE 2004","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":8,"of":24,"metrics":{"F1":"87.98"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/nested-named-entity-recognition-on-ace-2005","task":"Nested Named Entity Recognition","dataset":"ACE 2005","model":"Baseline + BS","rank_in_archive_order":5,"of":25,"metrics":{"F1":"87.15"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2204.12031","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2204.12031","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}