{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/bootstrapped-coordinate-search-for","title":"Bootstrapped Coordinate Search for Multidimensional Scaling","arxiv_id":"1902.01482","date":"2019-02-04","proceeding":null,"authors":["Efthymios Tzinis"],"abstract":"In this work, a unified framework for gradient-free Multidimensional Scaling\n(MDS) based on Coordinate Search (CS) is proposed. This family of algorithms is\nan instance of General Pattern Search (GPS) methods which avoid the explicit\ncomputation of derivatives but instead evaluate the objective function while\nsearching on coordinate steps of the embedding space. The backbone element of\nCSMDS framework is the corresponding probability matrix that correspond to how\nlikely is each corresponding coordinate to be evaluated. We propose a\nBootstrapped instance of CSMDS (BS CSMDS) which enhances the probability of the\ndirection that decreases the most the objective function while also reducing\nthe corresponding probability of all the other coordinates. BS CSMDS manages to\navoid unnecessary function evaluations and result to significant speedup over\nother CSMDS alternatives while also obtaining the same error rate. Experiments\non both synthetic and real data reveal that BS CSMDS performs consistently\nbetter than other CSMDS alternatives under various experimental setups.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01482v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01482v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"bootstrapped-coordinate-search-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/etzinis/bootstrapped_mds","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}