{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/bond-graph-modelling-of-the-cardiac-action","title":"Bond graph modelling of the cardiac action potential: Implications for drift and non-unique steady states","arxiv_id":"1802.04548","date":"2018-02-13","proceeding":null,"authors":[],"abstract":"Mathematical models of cardiac action potentials have become increasingly\nimportant in the study of heart disease and pharmacology, but concerns linger\nover their robustness during long periods of simulation, in particular due to\nissues such as model drift and non-unique steady states. Previous studies have\nlinked these to violation of conservation laws, but only explored those issues\nwith respect to charge conservation in specific models. Here, we propose a\ngeneral and systematic method of identifying conservation laws hidden in models\nof cardiac electrophysiology by using bond graphs, and develop a bond graph\nmodel of the cardiac action potential to study long-term behaviour. Bond graphs\nprovide an explicit energy-based framework for modelling physical systems,\nwhich makes them well-suited for examining conservation within\nelectrophysiological models. We find that the charge conservation laws derived\nin previous studies are examples of the more general concept of a \"conserved\nmoiety\". Conserved moieties explain model drift and non-unique steady states,\ngeneralising the results from previous studies. The bond graph approach\nprovides a rigorous method to check for drift and non-unique steady states in a\nwide range of cardiac action potential models, and can be extended to examine\nbehaviours of other excitable systems.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04548v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.04548v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"bond-graph-modelling-of-the-cardiac-action","repo_url":"https://github.com/uomsystemsbiology/bond_graph_cardiac_AP","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}