{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/automated-lod-2-model-reconstruction-from","title":"Automated LoD-2 Model Reconstruction from Very-HighResolution Satellite-derived Digital Surface Model and Orthophoto","arxiv_id":"2109.03876","date":"2021-09-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["Shengxi Gui","Rongjun Qin"],"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a model-driven method that reconstructs LoD-2 building models following a \"decomposition-optimization-fitting\" paradigm. The proposed method starts building detection results through a deep learning-based detector and vectorizes individual segments into polygons using a \"three-step\" polygon extraction method, followed by a novel grid-based decomposition method that decomposes the complex and irregularly shaped building polygons to tightly combined elementary building rectangles ready to fit elementary building models. We have optionally introduced OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Graph-Cut (GC) labeling to further refine the orientation of 2D building rectangle. The 3D modeling step takes building-specific parameters such as hip lines, as well as non-rigid and regularized transformations to optimize the flexibility for using a minimal set of elementary models. Finally, roof type of building models s refined and adjacent building models in one building segment are merged into the complex polygonal model. Our proposed method has addressed a few technical caveats over existing methods, resulting in practically high-quality results, based on our evaluation and comparative study on a diverse set of experimental datasets of cities with different urban patterns.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03876v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.03876v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"automated-lod-2-model-reconstruction-from","repo_url":"https://github.com/gdaosu/lod2buildingmodel","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"model","task_name":"model"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2109.03876","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.03876"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/gdaosu/lod2buildingmodel","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":1,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"40743f65cb1446f9","entry":"step_status","repo":"gdaosu/lod2buildingmodel","repo_kind":"official","path":"code/SAT2LoD2.py","file_url":"https://github.com/gdaosu/lod2buildingmodel/blob/HEAD/code/SAT2LoD2.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"40743f65cb1446f9"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}