{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/automated-essay-scoring-based-on-two-stage","title":"Automated Essay Scoring based on Two-Stage Learning","arxiv_id":"1901.07744","date":"2019-01-23","proceeding":null,"authors":["Jiawei Liu","Yang Xu","Yaguang Zhu"],"abstract":"Current state-of-art feature-engineered and end-to-end Automated Essay Score (AES) methods are proven to be unable to detect adversarial samples, e.g. the essays composed of permuted sentences and the prompt-irrelevant essays. Focusing on the problem, we develop a Two-Stage Learning Framework (TSLF) which integrates the advantages of both feature-engineered and end-to-end AES models. In experiments, we compare TSLF against a number of strong baselines, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our models. TSLF surpasses all the baselines on five-eighths of prompts and achieves new state-of-the-art average performance when without negative samples. After adding some adversarial essays to the original datasets, TSLF outperforms the feature-engineered and end-to-end baselines to a great extent, and shows great robustness.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07744v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.07744v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"automated-essay-scoring-based-on-two-stage","repo_url":"https://github.com/midas-research/calling-out-bluff","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"automated-essay-scoring-based-on-two-stage","repo_url":"https://github.com/ustcljw/fupugec-score","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"automated-essay-scoring","task_name":"Automated Essay Scoring"},{"task_slug":"two","task_name":"Vocal Bursts Valence Prediction"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1901.07744","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}