{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/an-empirical-framework-characterizing-the","title":"An Empirical Framework Characterizing the Metallicity and Star-Formation History Dependence of X-ray Binary Population Formation and Emission in Galaxies","arxiv_id":"2410.19901","date":"2024-10-25","proceeding":null,"authors":["Bret D. Lehmer","Erik B. Monson","Rafael T. Eufrasio","Amirnezam Amiri","Keith Doore","Antara Basu-Zych","Kristen Garofali","Lidia Oskinova","Jeff J. Andrews","Vallia Antoniou","Robel Geda","Jenny E. Greene","Konstantinos Kovlakas","Margaret Lazzarini","Chris T. Richardson"],"abstract":"We present a new empirical framework modeling the metallicity and star-formation history (SFH) dependence of X-ray luminous ($L > 10^{36}$ ergs s$^{-1}$) point-source population luminosity functions (XLFs) in normal galaxies. We expect the X-ray point-source populations are dominated by X-ray binaries (XRBs), with contributions from supernova remnants near the low luminosity end of our observations. Our framework is calibrated using the collective statistical power of 3,731 X-ray detected point-sources within 88 Chandra-observed galaxies at $D <$ 40 Mpc that span broad ranges of metallicity ($Z \\approx$ 0.03-2 $Z_\\odot$), SFH, and morphology (dwarf irregulars, late-types, and early-types). Our best-fitting models indicate that the XLF normalization per unit stellar mass declines by $\\approx$2-3 dex from 10 Myr to 10 Gyr, with a slower age decline for low-metallicity populations. The shape of the XLF for luminous X-ray sources ($L < 10^{38}$ ergs s$^{-1}$) significantly steepens with increasing age and metallicity, while the lower-luminosity XLF appears to flatten with increasing age. Integration of our models provide predictions for X-ray scaling relations that agree very well with past results presented in the literature, including, e.g., the $L_{\\rm X}$-SFR-$Z$ relation for high-mass XRBs (HMXBs) in young stellar populations as well as the $L_{\\rm X}/M_\\star$ ratio observed in early-type galaxies that harbor old populations of low-mass XRBs (LMXBs). The model framework and data sets presented in this paper further provide unique benchmarks that can be used for calibrating binary population synthesis models.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19901v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.19901v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"an-empirical-framework-characterizing-the","repo_url":"https://github.com/ebmonson/lightningpy","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"an-empirical-framework-characterizing-the","repo_url":"https://github.com/ebmonson/multilightning","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}