{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/all-grains-one-scheme-agos-learning-multi","title":"All Grains, One Scheme (AGOS): Learning Multi-grain Instance Representation for Aerial Scene Classification","arxiv_id":"2205.03371","date":"2022-05-06","proceeding":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2022 5","authors":["Qi Bi","Beichen Zhou","Kun Qin","Qinghao Ye","Gui-Song Xia"],"abstract":"Aerial scene classification remains challenging as: 1) the size of key objects in determining the scene scheme varies greatly; 2) many objects irrelevant to the scene scheme are often flooded in the image. Hence, how to effectively perceive the region of interests (RoIs) from a variety of sizes and build more discriminative representation from such complicated object distribution is vital to understand an aerial scene. In this paper, we propose a novel all grains, one scheme (AGOS) framework to tackle these challenges. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work to extend the classic multiple instance learning into multi-grain formulation. Specially, it consists of a multi-grain perception module (MGP), a multi-branch multi-instance representation module (MBMIR) and a self-aligned semantic fusion (SSF) module. Firstly, our MGP preserves the differential dilated convolutional features from the backbone, which magnifies the discriminative information from multi-grains. Then, our MBMIR highlights the key instances in the multi-grain representation under the MIL formulation. Finally, our SSF allows our framework to learn the same scene scheme from multi-grain instance representations and fuses them, so that the entire framework is optimized as a whole. Notably, our AGOS is flexible and can be easily adapted to existing CNNs in a plug-and-play manner. Extensive experiments on UCM, AID and NWPU benchmarks demonstrate that our AGOS achieves a comparable performance against the state-of-the-art methods.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03371v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.03371v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"all-grains-one-scheme-agos-learning-multi","repo_url":"https://github.com/biqiwhu/agos","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"tf","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"aerial-scene-classification","task_name":"Aerial Scene Classification"},{"task_slug":"all","task_name":"All"},{"task_slug":"image-classification","task_name":"Image Classification"},{"task_slug":"multiple-instance-learning","task_name":"Multiple Instance Learning"},{"task_slug":"scene-classification","task_name":"Scene Classification"},{"task_slug":"scene-recognition","task_name":"Scene Recognition"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/image-classification-on-resisc45","task":"Image Classification","dataset":"RESISC45","model":"AGOS","rank_in_archive_order":7,"of":20,"metrics":{"Top 1 Accuracy":"94.91"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/scene-classification-on-uc-merced-land-use","task":"Scene Classification","dataset":"UC Merced Land Use Dataset","model":"AGOS","rank_in_archive_order":2,"of":6,"metrics":{"Accuracy (%)":"99.88"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/scene-recognition-on-aid","task":"Scene Recognition","dataset":"AID","model":"AGOS","rank_in_archive_order":1,"of":3,"metrics":{"Accuracy":"97.43"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2205.03371","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}