{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/a-verifiable-framework-for-cyber-physical","title":"A Verifiable Framework for Cyber-Physical Attacks and Countermeasures in a Resilient Electric Power Grid","arxiv_id":"2104.13908","date":"2021-04-28","proceeding":null,"authors":["Zhigang Chu","Andrea Pinceti","Ramin Kaviani","Roozbeh Khodadadeh","Xingpeng Li","Jiazi Zhang","Karthik Saikumar","Mostafa Sahraei-Ardakani","Christopher Mosier","Robin Podmore","Kory Hedman","Oliver Kosut","Lalitha Sankar"],"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the feasibility and physical consequences of cyber attacks against energy management systems (EMS). Within this framework, we have designed a complete simulation platform to emulate realistic EMS operations: it includes state estimation (SE), real-time contingency analysis (RTCA), and security constrained economic dispatch (SCED). This software platform allowed us to achieve two main objectives: 1) to study the cyber vulnerabilities of an EMS and understand their consequences on the system, and 2) to formulate and implement countermeasures against cyber-attacks exploiting these vulnerabilities. Our results show that the false data injection attacks against state estimation described in the literature do not easily cause base-case overflows because of the conservatism introduced by RTCA. For a successful attack, a more sophisticated model that includes all of the EMS blocks is needed; even in this scenario, only post-contingency violations can be achieved. Nonetheless, we propose several countermeasures that can detect changes due to cyber-attacks and limit their impact on the system.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13908v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13908v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"a-verifiable-framework-for-cyber-physical","repo_url":"https://github.com/apince/ASU_EMS-CyberSecurity_public","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"management","task_name":"Management"},{"task_slug":"state-estimation","task_name":"State Estimation"},{"task_slug":"energy-management","task_name":"energy management"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}