{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/a-survey-and-classification-of-face-alignment","title":"A survey and classification of face alignment methods based on face models","arxiv_id":"2311.03082","date":"2023-11-06","proceeding":null,"authors":["Jagmohan Meher","Hector Allende-Cid","Torbjörn E. M. Nordling"],"abstract":"A face model is a mathematical representation of the distinct features of a human face. Traditionally, face models were built using a set of fiducial points or landmarks, each point ideally located on a facial feature, i.e., corner of the eye, tip of the nose, etc. Face alignment is the process of fitting the landmarks in a face model to the respective ground truth positions in an input image containing a face. Despite significant research on face alignment in the past decades, no review analyses various face models used in the literature. Catering to three types of readers - beginners, practitioners and researchers in face alignment, we provide a comprehensive analysis of different face models used for face alignment. We include the interpretation and training of the face models along with the examples of fitting the face model to a new face image. We found that 3D-based face models are preferred in cases of extreme face pose, whereas deep learning-based methods often use heatmaps. Moreover, we discuss the possible future directions of face models in the field of face alignment.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03082v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.03082v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"a-survey-and-classification-of-face-alignment","repo_url":"https://github.com/nordlinglab/facealignment-survey","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"face-alignment","task_name":"Face Alignment"},{"task_slug":"face-model","task_name":"Face Model"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"set","method_name":"SET"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}