{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/a-stochastic-temporal-model-of-polyphonic","title":"A Stochastic Temporal Model of Polyphonic MIDI Performance with Ornaments","arxiv_id":"1404.2314","date":"2014-04-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["Eita Nakamura","Nobutaka Ono","Shigeki Sagayama","Kenji Watanabe"],"abstract":"We study indeterminacies in realization of ornaments and how they can be\nincorporated in a stochastic performance model applicable for music information\nprocessing such as score-performance matching. We point out the importance of\ntemporal information, and propose a hidden Markov model which describes it\nexplicitly and represents ornaments with several state types. Following a\nreview of the indeterminacies, they are carefully incorporated into the model\nthrough its topology and parameters, and the state construction for quite\ngeneral polyphonic scores is explained in detail. By analyzing piano\nperformance data, we find significant overlaps in inter-onset-interval\ndistributions of chordal notes, ornaments, and inter-chord events, and the data\nis used to determine details of the model. The model is applied for score\nfollowing and offline score-performance matching, yielding highly accurate\nmatching for performances with many ornaments and relatively frequent errors,\nrepeats, and skips.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.2314v2","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.2314v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"a-stochastic-temporal-model-of-polyphonic","repo_url":"https://github.com/dartmouth-cs98/20w-ensemble-vr-score-following","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}