{"url":"/dataset/ximagenet-12","name":"XImageNet-12","full_name":"XIMAGENET-12: An Explainable AI Benchmark Dataset for Model Robustness Evaluation","description_markdown":"Enlarge the dataset to understand how image background effect the Computer Vision ML model. With the following topics: Blur Background / Segmented Background / AI generated Background/ Bias of tools during annotation/ Color in Background / Dependent Factor in Background/ LatenSpace Distance of Foreground/ Random Background with Real Environment!\r\n\r\nWe introduce XIMAGENET-12, an explainable benchmark dataset with over 200K images and 15,600 manual semantic annotations. Covering 12 categories from ImageNet to represent objects commonly encountered in practical life and simulating six diverse scenarios, including overexposure, blurring, color changing, etc.,\r\n\r\nOur research builds upon the foundation laid by \"Noise or Signal: The Role of Image Backgrounds in Object Recognition\" (Xiao et al., ICLR 2022), \"Explainable AI: Object Recognition With Help From Background\" (Qiang et al., ICLR Workshop 2022), reinforced the notion that models trained solely on backgrounds can substantially improve accuracy. One noteworthy discovery highlighted in their studies is that more accurate models tend to rely less on backgrounds.","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"https://sites.google.com/view/ximagenet-12/home","introduced_date":"2023-09-28","introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":"/paper/ximagenet-12-an-explainable-ai-benchmark","title":"XIMAGENET-12: An Explainable AI Benchmark Dataset for Model Robustness Evaluation","first_author":"Qiang Li","url":null},"license":{"name":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","url":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"},"modalities":[{"name":"Images","url":"/datasets/modality/images"}],"tasks":[{"name":"Classification","url":"/task/classification-1","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/classification-1"},{"name":"Semantic Segmentation","url":"/task/semantic-segmentation","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/semantic-segmentation"},{"name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","url":"/task/xai","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/xai"}],"languages":[{"name":"English","url":"/datasets/language/english"},{"name":"German","url":"/datasets/language/german"},{"name":"Chinese","url":"/datasets/language/chinese"}],"variants":["XImageNet-12"],"data_loaders":[],"num_papers_in_archive":6,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/classification-on-ximagenet-12","task":"Classification","dataset_variant":"XImageNet-12","rows":3,"metrics":["Robustness Score"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"DenseNet121","paper":"/paper/densely-connected-convolutional-networks","metrics":{"Robustness Score":"0.9062"},"code_links":[{"title":"pytorch/vision","url":"https://github.com/pytorch/vision"},{"title":"pytorch/vision","url":"https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/densenet.py"},{"title":"PaddlePaddle/PaddleClas","url":"https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleClas"},{"title":"Deci-AI/super-gradients","url":"https://github.com/Deci-AI/super-gradients"},{"title":"liuzhuang13/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNet"},{"title":"osmr/imgclsmob","url":"https://github.com/osmr/imgclsmob"},{"title":"yoshitomo-matsubara/torchdistill","url":"https://github.com/yoshitomo-matsubara/torchdistill"},{"title":"bamos/densenet.pytorch","url":"https://github.com/bamos/densenet.pytorch"},{"title":"titu1994/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/titu1994/DenseNet"},{"title":"YixuanLi/densenet-tensorflow","url":"https://github.com/YixuanLi/densenet-tensorflow"},{"title":"flyyufelix/DenseNet-Keras","url":"https://github.com/flyyufelix/DenseNet-Keras"},{"title":"SimJeg/FC-DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/SimJeg/FC-DenseNet"},{"title":"andreasveit/densenet-pytorch","url":"https://github.com/andreasveit/densenet-pytorch"},{"title":"wikke/Tianchi-Medical-LungTumorDetect","url":"https://github.com/wikke/Tianchi-Medical-LungTumorDetect"},{"title":"jiweibo/imagenet","url":"https://github.com/jiweibo/imagenet"},{"title":"DeepTrial/Retina-VesselNet","url":"https://github.com/DeepTrial/Retina-VesselNet"},{"title":"bfortuner/pytorch_tiramisu","url":"https://github.com/bfortuner/pytorch_tiramisu"},{"title":"liuzhuang13/DenseNetCaffe","url":"https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNetCaffe"},{"title":"ikhlestov/vision_networks","url":"https://github.com/ikhlestov/vision_networks"},{"title":"mindspore-ecosystem/mindcv","url":"https://github.com/mindspore-ecosystem/mindcv/blob/main/mindcv/models/densenet.py"},{"title":"mrkolarik/3d-brain-segmentation","url":"https://github.com/mrkolarik/3d-brain-segmentation"},{"title":"mindspore-ai/models","url":"https://github.com/mindspore-ai/models/tree/master/official/cv/densenet"},{"title":"Mayurji/Image-Classification-PyTorch","url":"https://github.com/Mayurji/Image-Classification-PyTorch"},{"title":"ShiyuLiang/odin-pytorch","url":"https://github.com/ShiyuLiang/odin-pytorch"},{"title":"pudae/tensorflow-densenet","url":"https://github.com/pudae/tensorflow-densenet"},{"title":"noahfl/densenet-sdr","url":"https://github.com/noahfl/densenet-sdr"},{"title":"marload/ConvNets-TensorFlow2","url":"https://github.com/marload/ConvNets-TensorFlow2"},{"title":"albarji/neurowriter","url":"https://github.com/albarji/neurowriter"},{"title":"RajdeepBiswas/Manufacturing-Quality-Inspection","url":"https://github.com/RajdeepBiswas/Manufacturing-Quality-Inspection"},{"title":"pyaf/DenseNet-MURA-PyTorch","url":"https://github.com/pyaf/DenseNet-MURA-PyTorch"},{"title":"YerevaNN/DIIN-in-Keras","url":"https://github.com/YerevaNN/DIIN-in-Keras"},{"title":"hycis/TensorGraph","url":"https://github.com/hycis/TensorGraph"},{"title":"gaetandi/cheXpert","url":"https://github.com/gaetandi/cheXpert"},{"title":"miraclewkf/densenet","url":"https://github.com/miraclewkf/densenet"},{"title":"priyavrat-misra/xrays-and-gradcam","url":"https://github.com/priyavrat-misra/xrays-and-gradcam"},{"title":"cmasch/densenet","url":"https://github.com/cmasch/densenet"},{"title":"Stomper10/CheXpert","url":"https://github.com/Stomper10/CheXpert"},{"title":"lionelmessi6410/ntga","url":"https://github.com/lionelmessi6410/ntga"},{"title":"bethgelab/InDomainGeneralizationBenchmark","url":"https://github.com/bethgelab/InDomainGeneralizationBenchmark"},{"title":"wangbinglin1995/tianchi","url":"https://github.com/wangbinglin1995/tianchi"},{"title":"DaikiTanak/manifold_mixup","url":"https://github.com/DaikiTanak/manifold_mixup"},{"title":"yusufsugiono/klasifikasi-gambar-bunga","url":"https://github.com/yusufsugiono/klasifikasi-gambar-bunga"},{"title":"xypan1232/iDeepE","url":"https://github.com/xypan1232/iDeepE"},{"title":"birder/birder","url":"https://gitlab.com/birder/birder"},{"title":"seasonyc/densenet","url":"https://github.com/seasonyc/densenet"},{"title":"okason97/DenseNet-Tensorflow2","url":"https://github.com/okason97/DenseNet-Tensorflow2"},{"title":"lab-midas/med_segmentation","url":"https://github.com/lab-midas/med_segmentation"},{"title":"jonnor/datascience-master","url":"https://github.com/jonnor/datascience-master"},{"title":"Sakib1263/DenseNet-1D-2D-Tensorflow-Keras","url":"https://github.com/Sakib1263/DenseNet-1D-2D-Tensorflow-Keras"},{"title":"GeoTrouvetout/Vehicle_ReID","url":"https://github.com/GeoTrouvetout/Vehicle_ReID"},{"title":"atapour/ransomware-classification","url":"https://github.com/atapour/ransomware-classification"},{"title":"asprenger/keras_fc_densenet","url":"https://github.com/asprenger/keras_fc_densenet"},{"title":"pmcgrath249/DeepCVLab","url":"https://github.com/pmcgrath249/DeepCVLab"},{"title":"pmcgrath249/DMMFODS","url":"https://github.com/pmcgrath249/DMMFODS"},{"title":"p-mc-grath/DMMFODS","url":"https://github.com/p-mc-grath/DMMFODS"},{"title":"greatsharma/DeepLearning-Papers-Implementation","url":"https://github.com/greatsharma/DeepLearning-Papers-Implementation"},{"title":"pmcgrath249/DeepCV_Lab","url":"https://github.com/pmcgrath249/DeepCV_Lab"},{"title":"Duplums/bhb10k-dl-benchmark","url":"https://github.com/Duplums/bhb10k-dl-benchmark"},{"title":"ihamdi/Covid-xRay-Classification","url":"https://github.com/ihamdi/Covid-xRay-Classification"},{"title":"IMvision12/keras-vision-models","url":"https://github.com/IMvision12/keras-vision-models"},{"title":"xufanxiong/classification-of-caltech-256","url":"https://github.com/xufanxiong/classification-of-caltech-256"},{"title":"jbernoz/deeppolyp","url":"https://github.com/jbernoz/deeppolyp"},{"title":"fengjiqiang/pretrainedmodel_pytorch","url":"https://github.com/fengjiqiang/pretrainedmodel_pytorch"},{"title":"fabiofumarola/ultrayolo","url":"https://github.com/fabiofumarola/ultrayolo"},{"title":"Elvictor01/Plant-Pathology-2020---FGVC7-Identify-the-category-of-foliar-diseases-in-apple-trees","url":"https://github.com/Elvictor01/Plant-Pathology-2020---FGVC7-Identify-the-category-of-foliar-diseases-in-apple-trees"},{"title":"johntd54/stanford_car","url":"https://github.com/johntd54/stanford_car"},{"title":"rajkumargithub/densenet.mura","url":"https://github.com/rajkumargithub/densenet.mura"},{"title":"ericjang/odin","url":"https://github.com/ericjang/odin"},{"title":"okason97/handshape-recognition","url":"https://github.com/okason97/handshape-recognition"},{"title":"midusi/cacic2019-handshapes","url":"https://github.com/midusi/cacic2019-handshapes"},{"title":"bhaskar-gaur/DenseNet-Keras","url":"https://github.com/bhaskar-gaur/DenseNet-Keras"},{"title":"zjZSTU/ResNet","url":"https://github.com/zjZSTU/ResNet"},{"title":"Contamination-Classification/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/Contamination-Classification/DenseNet"},{"title":"mindspore-courses/MindSpore-classification","url":"https://github.com/mindspore-courses/MindSpore-classification"},{"title":"Cjl-MedSeg/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/Cjl-MedSeg/DenseNet"},{"title":"RajuGudhe/Cancer_Tissue_Detection","url":"https://github.com/RajuGudhe/Cancer_Tissue_Detection"},{"title":"bozliu/E2E-Keyword-Spotting","url":"https://github.com/bozliu/E2E-Keyword-Spotting"},{"title":"gargarchit/60DaysOfUdacity","url":"https://github.com/gargarchit/60DaysOfUdacity"},{"title":"RRoundTable/OceanLitter_dataset_generator","url":"https://github.com/RRoundTable/OceanLitter_dataset_generator"},{"title":"VinayBN8997/CIFAR-10-object-detection","url":"https://github.com/VinayBN8997/CIFAR-10-object-detection"},{"title":"muditrastogi/chestai","url":"https://github.com/muditrastogi/chestai"},{"title":"nashawnch/ComputerVision-FerrariDetective","url":"https://github.com/nashawnch/ComputerVision-FerrariDetective"},{"title":"agassi4013/Log-DenseNet-Tensorflow","url":"https://github.com/agassi4013/Log-DenseNet-Tensorflow"},{"title":"Ciprian95/Licenta","url":"https://github.com/Ciprian95/Licenta"},{"title":"jmesich/chestxray","url":"https://github.com/jmesich/chestxray"},{"title":"arnavdodiedo/DenseNet-MNIST","url":"https://github.com/arnavdodiedo/DenseNet-MNIST"},{"title":"JTan2231/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/JTan2231/DenseNet"},{"title":"SANKHA1/Vehicle-Detection","url":"https://github.com/SANKHA1/Vehicle-Detection"},{"title":"CeLaMbDa/DenseNet_keras","url":"https://github.com/CeLaMbDa/DenseNet_keras"},{"title":"minggli/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/minggli/DenseNet"},{"title":"swxhss/densenet_tensorflow","url":"https://github.com/swxhss/densenet_tensorflow"},{"title":"0jason000/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/0jason000/DenseNet"},{"title":"nashawnch/Computer-Vision-FerrariDetective","url":"https://github.com/nashawnch/Computer-Vision-FerrariDetective"},{"title":"krishnakarthi/COVID-19_Prediction","url":"https://github.com/krishnakarthi/COVID-19_Prediction"},{"title":"2024-MindSpore-1/Code6","url":"https://github.com/2024-MindSpore-1/Code6/tree/main/3D_DenseNet"},{"title":"code-implementation1/Code1","url":"https://github.com/code-implementation1/Code1/tree/main/densenet"},{"title":"mlvccn/bmtc_transferattackvid","url":"https://github.com/mlvccn/bmtc_transferattackvid"},{"title":"satishjasthi/Densenet_smplified","url":"https://github.com/satishjasthi/Densenet_smplified"},{"title":"lpirola13/flower_recognizer","url":"https://github.com/lpirola13/flower_recognizer"},{"title":"fxfviolet/Densenet_for_quiz_classification","url":"https://github.com/fxfviolet/Densenet_for_quiz_classification"},{"title":"syiin/resnet_cancer_detection","url":"https://github.com/syiin/resnet_cancer_detection"},{"title":"Mnpr/OC-DeepLearning","url":"https://github.com/Mnpr/OC-DeepLearning"},{"title":"sangHa0411/ImageNet","url":"https://github.com/sangHa0411/ImageNet"},{"title":"ApexPredator1/DenseNet_tensorflow","url":"https://github.com/ApexPredator1/DenseNet_tensorflow"},{"title":"UESBTC/DenseNet-Tensorflow","url":"https://github.com/UESBTC/DenseNet-Tensorflow"},{"title":"modelhub-ai/densenet","url":"https://github.com/modelhub-ai/densenet"},{"title":"yw0nam/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/yw0nam/DenseNet"},{"title":"syiin/ann_cancer_detection","url":"https://github.com/syiin/ann_cancer_detection"},{"title":"niranjana98/Image-Classification","url":"https://github.com/niranjana98/Image-Classification"},{"title":"asad-62/IVP-DNN","url":"https://github.com/asad-62/IVP-DNN"},{"title":"Vamshi399/CarND-Vehicle-Detection","url":"https://github.com/Vamshi399/CarND-Vehicle-Detection"},{"title":"arnavdodiedo/DenseNet-Fashion-MNIST","url":"https://github.com/arnavdodiedo/DenseNet-Fashion-MNIST"},{"title":"kingcong/densenet","url":"https://github.com/kingcong/densenet"},{"title":"ayushpatidar/PR1-DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/ayushpatidar/PR1-DenseNet"},{"title":"Mnpr/Thoractic-Diseases-Detection","url":"https://github.com/Mnpr/Thoractic-Diseases-Detection"},{"title":"Anil1331/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/Anil1331/DenseNet"},{"title":"Asthestarsfalll/DenseNet-MegEngine","url":"https://github.com/Asthestarsfalll/DenseNet-MegEngine"},{"title":"ByakuyaUncia/DenseNetUncia","url":"https://github.com/ByakuyaUncia/DenseNetUncia"},{"title":"RaghavHub/rekuten_hack","url":"https://github.com/RaghavHub/rekuten_hack"},{"title":"earthLD/Algorithm","url":"https://github.com/earthLD/Algorithm"},{"title":"idobronstein/vision_networks","url":"https://github.com/idobronstein/vision_networks"},{"title":"0492wzl/tensorflow_slim_densenet","url":"https://github.com/0492wzl/tensorflow_slim_densenet"},{"title":"yangyucheng000/densenet","url":"https://github.com/yangyucheng000/densenet/blob/main/densenet.py"},{"title":"Yeeun-Lee/parrot_proj1","url":"https://github.com/Yeeun-Lee/parrot_proj1"},{"title":"priyankadeybhadra/CNN-on-CIFR","url":"https://github.com/priyankadeybhadra/CNN-on-CIFR"},{"title":"2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-146","url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-146"},{"title":"rafaelmata357/Flower-image-classifier","url":"https://github.com/rafaelmata357/Flower-image-classifier"},{"title":"lpirola13/flower-recognizer","url":"https://github.com/lpirola13/flower-recognizer"},{"title":"pacharadanait/Densnet_project","url":"https://github.com/pacharadanait/Densnet_project"},{"title":"boris127/vehicle-detection","url":"https://github.com/boris127/vehicle-detection"},{"title":"datoboat/Vehicle-Detection","url":"https://github.com/datoboat/Vehicle-Detection"},{"title":"2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-16","url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-16/tree/main/3D_DenseNet"},{"title":"Hashir44/muraxray","url":"https://github.com/Hashir44/muraxray"},{"title":"GSNCodes/Breast_Cancer_Detection_CNN","url":"https://github.com/GSNCodes/Breast_Cancer_Detection_CNN"},{"title":"Mnpr/Thoractic_Disease_Detection","url":"https://github.com/Mnpr/Thoractic_Disease_Detection"},{"title":"aimbsg/EVA4_S15","url":"https://github.com/aimbsg/EVA4_S15"},{"title":"sparvangada/capstone_project","url":"https://github.com/sparvangada/capstone_project"},{"title":"Yeeun-Lee/parrot_vision_competition","url":"https://github.com/Yeeun-Lee/parrot_vision_competition"},{"title":"HLinShan/vision_networks","url":"https://github.com/HLinShan/vision_networks"},{"title":"AirBernard/DenseNet-by-Pytorch","url":"https://github.com/AirBernard/DenseNet-by-Pytorch"},{"title":"yichigo/Chest-X-Ray","url":"https://github.com/yichigo/Chest-X-Ray"},{"title":"cges60809/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/cges60809/DenseNet"},{"title":"RameshBattu/Convolutional-Neural-Network-on-CIFAR-10-DataSet","url":"https://github.com/RameshBattu/Convolutional-Neural-Network-on-CIFAR-10-DataSet"},{"title":"azima-fariha/DeepLearning_DenselyConnectedConvolutionalNetworks","url":"https://github.com/azima-fariha/DeepLearning_DenselyConnectedConvolutionalNetworks"},{"title":"LJKS/noplants","url":"https://github.com/LJKS/noplants"},{"title":"taylor-914/DenseNet","url":"https://github.com/taylor-914/DenseNet"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"}],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[{"paper":"/paper/densely-connected-convolutional-networks","title":"Densely Connected Convolutional Networks","date":"2016-08-25","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":146,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","samples_harvested":71,"samples_ran":21,"samples_unverified":50,"pointer_only_for_licence":7,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}},{"paper":"/paper/deep-residual-learning-for-image-recognition","title":"Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition","date":"2015-12-10","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":484,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","samples_harvested":377,"samples_ran":242,"samples_unverified":135,"pointer_only_for_licence":187,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}},{"paper":"/paper/very-deep-convolutional-networks-for-large","title":"Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition","date":"2014-09-04","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":305,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","samples_harvested":122,"samples_ran":14,"samples_unverified":108,"pointer_only_for_licence":4,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}}],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","papers_with_samples":3,"samples_harvested":570,"samples_ran":277,"samples_unverified":293,"pointer_only_for_licence":198,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":0,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}