{"url":"/dataset/set12","name":"Set12","full_name":null,"description_markdown":"**Set12** is a collection of 12 grayscale images of different scenes that are widely used for evaluation of image denoising methods. The size of each image is 256×256.\r\n\r\nSource: [Designing and Training of A Dual CNN for Image Denoising](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.03951)\r\nImage Source: [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/12-images-from-Set12-dataset_fig11_338424598](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/12-images-from-Set12-dataset_fig11_338424598)","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"","introduced_date":"2017-01-01","introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":"/paper/beyond-a-gaussian-denoiser-residual-learning","title":"Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising","first_author":"Kai Zhang","url":null},"license":{"name":"Unknown","url":null},"modalities":[{"name":"Images","url":"/datasets/modality/images"}],"tasks":[{"name":"Grayscale Image Denoising","url":"/task/grayscale-image-denoising","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/grayscale-image-denoising"}],"languages":[],"variants":["Set12 sigma15","Set12 sigma30","Set12 sigma50","Set12 sigma25","Set12 sigma70","Set12"],"data_loaders":[],"num_papers_in_archive":145,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/grayscale-image-denoising-on-set12-sigma15","task":"Grayscale Image Denoising","dataset_variant":"Set12 sigma15","rows":8,"metrics":["PSNR","SSIM"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"Hi-IR","paper":"/paper/hierarchical-information-flow-for-generalized","metrics":{"PSNR":"33.48"},"code_links":[]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/grayscale-image-denoising-on-set12-sigma50","task":"Grayscale Image Denoising","dataset_variant":"Set12 sigma50","rows":8,"metrics":["PSNR","SSIM"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"Hi-IR","paper":"/paper/hierarchical-information-flow-for-generalized","metrics":{"PSNR":"28.15"},"code_links":[]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/grayscale-image-denoising-on-set12-sigma25","task":"Grayscale Image Denoising","dataset_variant":"Set12 sigma25","rows":6,"metrics":["PSNR","SSIM"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"Hi-IR","paper":"/paper/hierarchical-information-flow-for-generalized","metrics":{"PSNR":"31.19"},"code_links":[]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/grayscale-image-denoising-on-set12-sigma30","task":"Grayscale Image Denoising","dataset_variant":"Set12 sigma30","rows":2,"metrics":["PSNR"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"NLRN","paper":"/paper/non-local-recurrent-network-for-image","metrics":{"PSNR":"30.8"},"code_links":[{"title":"Ding-Liu/NLRN","url":"https://github.com/Ding-Liu/NLRN"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/grayscale-image-denoising-on-set12-sigma70","task":"Grayscale Image Denoising","dataset_variant":"Set12 sigma70","rows":1,"metrics":["PSNR"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"N3Net","paper":"/paper/neural-nearest-neighbors-networks","metrics":{"PSNR":"25.9"},"code_links":[{"title":"visinf/n3net","url":"https://github.com/visinf/n3net"},{"title":"Build-Week-Spotify-Song-Suggester-5/Data-Science","url":"https://github.com/Build-Week-Spotify-Song-Suggester-5/Data-Science"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"}],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[{"paper":"/paper/hierarchical-information-flow-for-generalized","title":"Hierarchical Information Flow for Generalized Efficient Image Restoration","date":"2024-11-27","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/swinia-self-supervised-blind-spot-image","title":"SwinIA: Self-Supervised Blind-Spot Image Denoising without Convolutions","date":"2023-05-09","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/kbnet-kernel-basis-network-for-image","title":"KBNet: Kernel Basis Network for Image Restoration","date":"2023-03-06","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":1,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","samples_harvested":9,"samples_ran":6,"samples_unverified":3,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}},{"paper":"/paper/index-network","title":"Index Network","date":"2019-08-11","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":6,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/deep-graph-convolutional-image-denoising","title":"Deep Graph-Convolutional Image Denoising","date":"2019-07-19","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/neural-nearest-neighbors-networks","title":"Neural Nearest Neighbors Networks","date":"2018-10-30","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":2,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/non-local-recurrent-network-for-image","title":"Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restoration","date":"2018-06-07","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":1,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","samples_harvested":1,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":1,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}},{"paper":"/paper/multi-level-wavelet-cnn-for-image-restoration","title":"Multi-level Wavelet-CNN for Image Restoration","date":"2018-05-18","rows_on_this_dataset":3,"code_links":5,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/ffdnet-toward-a-fast-and-flexible-solution","title":"FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoising","date":"2017-10-11","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":8,"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","samples_harvested":7,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":7,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"claim":"Per-sample execution on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim."}}],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","papers_with_samples":3,"samples_harvested":17,"samples_ran":6,"samples_unverified":11,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":2,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}