{"url":"/dataset/indian-pines","name":"Indian Pines","full_name":null,"description_markdown":"**Indian Pines** is a Hyperspectral image segmentation dataset. The input data consists of hyperspectral bands over a single landscape in Indiana, US, (Indian Pines data set) with 145×145 pixels. For each pixel, the data set contains 220 spectral reflectance bands which represent different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the wavelength range 0.4−2.5⋅10−6.\r\n\r\nSource: [Layer-Parallel Training of Deep Residual Neural Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04352)\r\nImage Source: [http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php/Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes#Indian_Pines](http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php/Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes#Indian_Pines)","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes#Indian_Pines","introduced_date":null,"introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":null,"title":"220 band AVIRIS hyperspectral image data set","first_author":null,"url":"https://purr.purdue.edu/publications/1947/1"},"license":{"name":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","url":null},"modalities":[{"name":"Images","url":"/datasets/modality/images"},{"name":"Hyperspectral images","url":"/datasets/modality/hyperspectral-images"}],"tasks":[{"name":"Hyperspectral Image Classification","url":"/task/hyperspectral-image-classification","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/hyperspectral-image-classification"},{"name":"Hyperspectral Image Inpainting","url":"/task/hyperspectral-image-inpainting","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/hyperspectral-image-inpainting"}],"languages":[],"variants":["Indian Pines"],"data_loaders":[],"num_papers_in_archive":96,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/hyperspectral-image-classification-on-indian","task":"Hyperspectral Image Classification","dataset_variant":"Indian Pines","rows":34,"metrics":["OA@15perclass","Overall Accuracy","Kappa","AA@10%perclass","Kappa@10%perclass","OA@10%perclass","AA@5%perclass","Kappa@5%perclass","OA@5%perclass","F1@10%perclass"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"HyperspectralMAE","paper":"/paper/hyperspectralmae-the-hyperspectral-imagery","metrics":{"OA@15perclass":"92.37"},"code_links":[]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"}],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[{"paper":"/paper/mvnet-hyperspectral-remote-sensing-image","title":"MVNet: Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Classification Based on Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone Architecture","date":"2025-07-06","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-via","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification via Transformer-based Spectral-Spatial Attention Decoupling and Adaptive Gating","date":"2025-06-10","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectralmae-the-hyperspectral-imagery","title":"HyperspectralMAE: The Hyperspectral Imagery Classification Model using Fourier-Encoded Dual-Branch Masked Autoencoder","date":"2025-05-09","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/dynamic-3d-kan-convolution-with-adaptive-grid","title":"Dynamic 3D KAN Convolution with Adaptive Grid Optimization for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2025-04-21","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/expert-kernel-generation-network-driven-by","title":"Expert Kernel Generation Network Driven by Contextual Mapping for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2025-04-17","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/3d-wavelet-convolutions-with-extended","title":"3D Wavelet Convolutions with Extended Receptive Fields for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2025-04-15","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/spatial-geometry-enhanced-3d-dynamic-snake","title":"Spatial-Geometry Enhanced 3D Dynamic Snake Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2025-04-06","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/discrete-cosine-transform-based-joint","title":"Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Joint Spectral-Spatial Information Compression and Band Correlation Calculation for Hyperspectral Feature Extraction","date":"2024-11-16","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/locality-aware-hyperspectral-classification","title":"Locality-Aware Hyperspectral Classification","date":"2023-09-04","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/adaptive-mask-sampling-and-manifold-to","title":"Adaptive Mask Sampling and Manifold to Euclidean Subspace Learning with Distance Covariance Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2023-04-07","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/small-sample-hyperspectral-image","title":"Small Sample Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on the Random Patches Network and Recursive Filtering","date":"2023-02-23","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-using-deep","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Deep Matrix Capsules","date":"2023-02-02","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/exploring-the-relationship-between-center-and","title":"Exploring the Relationship between Center and Neighborhoods: Central Vector oriented Self-Similarity Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2022-10-31","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/generative-adversarial-networks-based-on-1","title":"Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Transformer Encoder and Convolution Block for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2022-07-16","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/graph-information-aggregation-cross-domain","title":"Graph Information Aggregation Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2022-06-30","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/jigsawhsi-a-network-for-hyperspectral-image","title":"JigsawHSI: a network for Hyperspectral Image classification","date":"2022-06-06","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/faster-hyperspectral-image-classification","title":"Faster hyperspectral image classification based on selective kernel mechanism using deep convolutional networks","date":"2022-02-14","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/a-spectral-spatial-dependent-global-learning","title":"A Spectral-Spatial-Dependent Global Learning Framework for Insufficient and Imbalanced Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2021-05-29","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/spectralnet-exploring-spatial-spectral","title":"SpectralNET: Exploring Spatial-Spectral WaveletCNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2021-04-01","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":2,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/attention-based-second-order-pooling-network","title":"Attention-Based Second-Order Pooling Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2021-01-14","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/attention-based-adaptive-spectral-spatial","title":"Attention-Based Adaptive Spectral-Spatial Kernel ResNet for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2020-12-24","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-of","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification of Convolutional Neural Network Combined with Valuable Samples","date":"2020-06-01","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/generative-adversarial-networks-based-on-2","title":"Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Collaborative Learning and Attention Mechanism for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2020-04-03","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/deep-metric-learning-based-feature-embedding","title":"Deep Metric Learning-Based Feature Embedding for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2019-10-30","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hsi-bert-hyperspectral-image-classification","title":"HSI-BERT: Hyperspectral Image Classification Using the Bidirectional Encoder Representation From Transformers","date":"2019-09-04","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-with-deep","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification with Deep Metric Learning and Conditional Random Field","date":"2019-03-04","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hybridsn-exploring-3d-2d-cnn-feature","title":"HybridSN: Exploring 3D-2D CNN Feature Hierarchy for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2019-02-18","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/shorten-spatial-spectral-rnn-with-parallel","title":"Shorten Spatial-spectral RNN with Parallel-GRU for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2018-10-30","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-via-a","title":"Hyperspectral image classification via a random patches network","date":"2018-05-22","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/hyperspectral-image-classification-with-1","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification with Markov Random Fields and a Convolutional Neural Network","date":"2017-05-01","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/spectral-spatial-classification-of-2","title":"Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery with 3D Convolutional Neural Network","date":"2017-01-13","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/bass-net-band-adaptive-spectral-spatial","title":"BASS Net: Band-Adaptive Spectral-Spatial Feature Learning Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","date":"2016-12-01","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/deep-supervised-learning-for-hyperspectral","title":"Deep supervised learning for hyperspectral data classification through convolutional neural networks","date":"2015-07-26","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/feature-extraction-of-hyperspectral-images","title":"Feature Extraction of Hyperspectral Images With Image Fusion and Recursive Filtering","date":"2013-09-16","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":0,"syntology":null}],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","papers_with_samples":0,"samples_harvested":0,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":0,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":0,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}