{"url":"/dataset/image-based-confounding-dataset","name":"Image-based Confounding Dataset","full_name":"Image-based Confounding Dataset","description_markdown":"**Replication Data for:**  Integrating Earth Observation Data into Causal Inference: Challenges and Opportunities \r\n\r\n**Details:**\r\n`YandW_mat.csv` contains individual-level observational data. In the dataset, `LONGITUDE` and `LATITUDE` refer to the approximate geo-referenced long/lat of observational units.  Experimental outcomes are stored in `Yobs`. The treatment variable is stored in `Wobs`. The unique image key for each observational unit is saved in `UNIQUE_ID`.\r\n\r\nGeo-referenced satellite images are saved in\r\n`./Nigeria2000_processed/%s_BAND%s.csv`, where the first \"`%s`\" refers to the image key associated with each observation (saved in `UNIQUE_ID` in `YandW_mat.csv`) and `BAND%s` refers to one of 3 bands in the satellite imagery.\r\n\r\n**Code Link:** https://github.com/cjerzak/causalimages-software/\r\n\r\n**Paper Reference:** Connor T. Jerzak, Fredrik Johansson, Adel Daoud. Integrating Earth Observation Data into Causal Inference: Challenges and Opportunities. ArXiv Preprint, 2023. [[PDF]](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.12985)","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QLCSVR","introduced_date":"2023-01-30","introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":"/paper/integrating-earth-observation-data-into","title":"Integrating Earth Observation Data into Causal Inference: Challenges and Opportunities","first_author":"Connor T. Jerzak","url":null},"license":{"name":"GLP-3","url":"https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html"},"modalities":[{"name":"Images","url":"/datasets/modality/images"},{"name":"Tabular","url":"/datasets/modality/tabular"}],"tasks":[],"languages":[],"variants":["Image-based Confounding Dataset"],"data_loaders":[],"num_papers_in_archive":2,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","papers_with_samples":0,"samples_harvested":0,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":0,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":0,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}