{"url":"/dataset/digits","name":"Digits","full_name":"Optical Recognition of Handwritten Digits","description_markdown":"The DIGITS dataset consists of 1797 8×8 grayscale images (1439 for training and 360 for testing) of handwritten digits.\r\n\r\nSource: [Differentially Private Variational Dropout](https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.02629)\r\nImage Source: [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.load_digits.html](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.load_digits.html)","description_withheld":null,"homepage":"https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/optical+recognition+of+handwritten+digits","introduced_date":null,"introduced_date_note":null,"introduced_by":{"paper":null,"title":"Optical recognition of handwritten digits data set","first_author":null,"url":"https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Optical+Recognition+of+Handwritten+Digits"},"license":{"name":"Custom","url":"https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/optical+recognition+of+handwritten+digits"},"modalities":[{"name":"Images","url":"/datasets/modality/images"}],"tasks":[{"name":"Graph Classification","url":"/task/graph-classification","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/graph-classification"},{"name":"Feature Importance","url":"/task/feature-importance","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/feature-importance"},{"name":"Handwritten Digit Recognition","url":"/task/handwritten-digit-recognition","datasets_with_task":"/datasets/task/handwritten-digit-recognition"}],"languages":[],"variants":["Optical Recognition of Handwritten Digits","Digits"],"data_loaders":[{"repo":"https://github.com/activeloopai/Hub","url":"https://docs.activeloop.ai/datasets/optical-handwritten-digits-dataset","frameworks":["tf","pytorch"]}],"num_papers_in_archive":21,"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"benchmarks":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/feature-importance-on-digits","task":"Feature Importance","dataset_variant":"Digits","rows":2,"metrics":["Pearson Correlation"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"VarImpVIANN","paper":"/paper/variance-based-feature-importance-in-neural","metrics":{"Pearson Correlation":"0.83"},"code_links":[{"title":"rebelosa/feature-importance-neural-networks","url":"https://github.com/rebelosa/feature-importance-neural-networks"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/graph-classification-on-digits","task":"Graph Classification","dataset_variant":"Digits","rows":1,"metrics":["Accuracy"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"sKNN-LDS","paper":"/paper/neighborhood-enlargement-in-graph-neural","metrics":{"Accuracy":"92.5"},"code_links":[{"title":"CODE-SUBMIT/Graph_Neighborhood_1","url":"https://github.com/CODE-SUBMIT/Graph_Neighborhood_1"},{"title":"CODE-SUBMIT/Neighborhood-Enlargement-in-Graph-Network","url":"https://github.com/CODE-SUBMIT/Neighborhood-Enlargement-in-Graph-Network"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"},{"leaderboard":"/sota/handwritten-digit-recognition-on-digits-1","task":"Handwritten Digit Recognition","dataset_variant":"Digits","rows":1,"metrics":["F1 - macro"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"LeNet-5","paper":"/paper/gradient-based-learning-applied-to-document","metrics":{"F1 - macro":"0.964"},"code_links":[{"title":"adheep04/LeNet-5","url":"https://github.com/adheep04/LeNet-5"}]},"note":"rows are the archive's own order at snapshot; nothing here re-ranks them"}],"papers_with_a_benchmark_row":[{"paper":"/paper/variance-based-feature-importance-in-neural","title":"Variance-Based Feature Importance in Neural Networks","date":"2019-10-16","rows_on_this_dataset":2,"code_links":1,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/neighborhood-enlargement-in-graph-neural","title":"Mutual Information Maximization in Graph Neural Networks","date":"2019-05-21","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":2,"syntology":null},{"paper":"/paper/gradient-based-learning-applied-to-document","title":"Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition","date":"1998-11-01","rows_on_this_dataset":1,"code_links":1,"syntology":null}],"syntology_totals":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","papers_with_samples":0,"samples_harvested":0,"samples_ran":0,"samples_unverified":0,"pointer_only_for_licence":0,"papers_with_no_sample_that_ran":0,"note":"the per-paper counts above, summed; not a rate"},"papers_note":"The archive never published its papers-using-dataset list; these are papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks."}